Fluoroscopy and Special Radiographic Techniques MD0959

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DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LESSON 1 Section I. FLUOROSCOPY 1-1. GENERAL 1-2. APPARATUS 1-3. PATIENT, FOCAL SPOT, AND SHUTTER RELATIONSHIPS 1-4. TECHNICAL FACTORS 1-5. EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE 1-6. PROTECTION 1-7. SPOT-FILM RADIOGRAPHY 1-8. SERIALOGRAPH 1-9. SERIAL FILM CHANGERS 1-10. AUTOMATIC CONTRAST MEDIUM INJECTOR 1-11. USE OF TELEVISION (TV) 1-12. VIDEOTAPE RECORDING Section II. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT 1-13. IMAGE INTENSIFICATION 1-14. PRINCIPLES OF IMAGE INTENSIFICATION 1-15. BASIC OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATION 1-16. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE X-RAY SPECIALIST 1-17. DENSITY EQUALIZATION FILTERS 1-18. COMPOSITION AND CONSTRUCTION 1-19. WHERE DENSITY EQUALIZATION FILTERS MAY BE INTRODUCED 1-20. BASIC PRINCIPLES Section III. CONTRAST MEDIA 1-21. INTRODUCTION 1-22. ALIMENTARY TRACT RADIOPAQUES 1-23. WATER-SOLUBLE RADIOPAQUES 1-24. VISCOUS AND/OR OILY RADIOPAQUES 1-25. RADIOLUCENT MEDIA 1-26. REACTIONS TO CONTRAST MEDIA 1-27. EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF REACTIONS EXERCISES SOLUTION LESSON 2 Section I. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 2-1. GENERAL 2-2. THE ESOPHAGUS 2-3. THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM (UPPER GI SERIES) 2-4. SMALL INTESTINE (SMALL BOWEL SERIES) 2-5. LARGE INTESTINE (DOUBLE CONTRAST) BARIUM ENEMA 2-6. LARGE INTESTINE (SINGLE CONTRAST) BARIUM ENEMA 2-7. GALLBLADDER 2-8. CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY 2-9. CHOLANGIOGRAPHY Section II. THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM 2-10. INTRODUCTION 2-11. INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAPHY 2-12. RETROGRADE PYELOGRAPHY 2-13. CYSTOGRAPHY AND PNEUMOCYSTOGRAPHY 2-14. NEPHROGRAPHY 2-15. NEPHROTOMOGRAPHY 2-16. URETHROGRAPHY 2-17. HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY (UTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY) Section III. THE DECUBITUS POSITIONS 2-18. ESSENTIALS OF THE POSITIONS 2-19. DESCRIPTION 2-20. CLINICAL USE 2-21. CONSIDERATIONS 2-22. TECHNIQUE 2-23. IDENTIFICATION 2-24. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS EXERCISES SOLUTION LESSON 3 Section I. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 3-1. INTRODUCTION 3-2. ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES OR PROCEDURES Section II. THE VASCULAR SYSTEM 3-3. INTRODUCTION 3-4. THE X-RAY SPECIALIST'S ROLE 3-5. PATIENT PREPARATION 3-6. SOLUTIONS 3-7. MATERIALS AND APPARATUS 3-8. SPECIAL ANGIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT 3-9. RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT 3-10. POSITION OF PATIENT 3-11. SITE OF INJECTION 3-12. METHOD OF INJECTION 3-13. RATE OF INJECTION 3-14. USE OF A TOURNIQUET 3-15. PROJECTIONS 3-16. SIZE OF FILM 3-17. THE CR 3-18. RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE FACTORS 3-19. ANGIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES 3-20. ANGIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES 3-21. ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY 3-22. CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION 3-23. ABDOMINAL ANGIOGRAPHY 3-24. CEREBRAL ARTERIOGRAPHY 3-25. CEREBRAL VENOGRAPHY AND SINUS VENOGRAPHY 3-26. INTRA-OSSEOUS VENOGRAPHY 3-27. LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY Section III. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 3-28. INTRODUCTION 3-29. VENTRICULOGRAPHY 3-30. MYELOGRAPHY 3-31. DISKOGRAPHY EXERCISES SOLUTION LESSON 4 Section I. MAMMOGRAPHY 4-1. INTRODUCTION 4-2. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BREAST 4-3. FOCAL-SPOT SIZE 4-4. ANODE STORAGE CAPACITY 4-5. FILTRATION 4-6. BEAM-RESTRICTING DEVICES 4-7. FILMS 4-8. TECHNICAL FACTORS 4-9. PATIENT POSITIONING 4-10. GENERAL CONDITIONS Section II. PEDIATRIC RADIOGRAPHY 4-11. INTRODUCTION 4-12. HANDLING OF INFANTS AND SMALL CHILDREN 4-13. PHYSICAL FACTORS 4-14. RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE Section III. TOMOGRAPHY 4-15. INTRODUCTION 4-16. TOMOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS 4-17. PRINCIPLES OF TOMOGRAPHY 4-18. FACTORS OF SECTION THICKNESS 4-19. MILLIAMPERE SECONDS 4-20. EXPOSURE TIME, AMPLITUDE, AND RATE OF TUBE TRAVEL 4-21. GENERAL PRINCIPLES Section IV. ORTHORADIOGRAPHY FOR SKELETAL SURVEYS 4-22. INTRODUCTION 4-23. METHODS Section V. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 4-24. GENERAL 4-25. DEFINITION 4-26. PURPOSE 4-27. CLINICAL PROCEDURE 4-28. ARTHRITIC SURVEY 4-29. METASTATIC SURVEY 4-30. LONG BONE SERIES 4-31. BONE AGE 4-32. SCANOGRAPHY 4-33. SPOT SCANOGRAPHY 4-34. PRINCIPLES OF SCANOGRAPHY 4-35. PROCEDURES 4-36. SCOLIOSIS Section VI. RADIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF FLUID LEVELS 4-37. INTRODUCTION 4-38. PRINCIPLES 4-39 CLINICAL PROCEDURE Section VII. SOFT TISSUE RADIOLOGY 4-40. INTRODUCTION 4-41. USES 4-42. TECHNICAL FACTORS AND PROCEDURE Section VIII. PORTABLE RADIOGRAPHY 4-43. INTRODUCTION 4-44. PORTABLE X-RAY MACHINES 4-45. RADIATION PROTECTION 4-46. FILM HOLDERS AND GRIDS 4-47. BEDSIDE RADIOGRAPHY 4-48. SURGICAL RADIOGRAPHY EXERCISES SOLUTION