Bacteriology MD0856

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DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LESSON 1 Section I. HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS 1-1. CAUSATION OF MICROBIAL DISEASE 1-2. TERMINOLOGY 1-3. THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS Section II. ASPECTS OF PATHOGENICITY 1-4. CAPSULATION 1-5. BACTERIAL TOXINS 1-6. EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES Section III. HOST RESISTANCE 1-7. NONSPECIFIC FACTORS 1-8. SPECIFIC FACTORS-IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE Section IV. THE BACTERIAL CELL 1-9. AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 1-10. HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA 1-11. MORPHOLOGY 1-12. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA 1-13. IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA 1-14. PATHOGENIC BACTERIA Section V. COLLECTING AND PROCESSING OF BACTERIOLOGICAL 1-15. BASIC PRINCIPLES 1-16. COLLECTING AND PROCESSING OF BLOOD CULTURES. 1-17. COLLECTING AND PROCESSING OF SPECIMENS FROM THE RESPIRATORY TRACK 1-18. COLLECTlNG AND PROCESSING URINE SPECIMENS 1-19. COLLECTING AND PROCESSING OF FECAL SPECIMENS 1-20. COLLECTING AND PROCESSING BODY FLUIDS 1-21. COLLECTING AND PROCESSING EXUDATE SPECIMENS 1-22. PROCESSING OF SPECIMENS FOR SHIPMENT EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 2 Section I. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF BACTERIA 2-1. GENERAL COMMENTS 2-2. PREPARATION OF SMEARS FOR STAINING 2-3. ACID-FAST STAIN (ZIEHL-NEELSEN) 2-4. ACID-FAST STAIN (KINYOUN MODIFIED) 2-5. CAPSULE OUTLINE (INDIA INK) 2-6. CAPSULE STAIN (HISS METHOD) 2-7. FLAGELLA STAIN (LEIFSON METHOD MODIFIED) 2-8. GRAM STAIN (HUCKER'S MODIFICATION) 2-9. METHYLENE BLUE STAIN 2-10. SPORE STAIN (WIRTZ-CONKLIN) 2-11. STAINING OF BLOOD SMEARS 2-12. PREPARATION OF WET UNSTAINED MOUNTS FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION Section II. CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA (MEDIA) 2-13. INTRODUCTION 2-14. COMPOSITION OF MEDIA 2-15. HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION (pH) Section III. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 2-16. TEMPERATURE 2-17. OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS 2-18. CARBON DIOXIDE REQUIREMENTS Section IV. ANAEROBIC METHODS 2-19. BASIC PRINCIPLES 2-20. COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF CLINICAL MATERIALS 2-21. EXAMINATION OF SMEARS 2-22. INOCULATION OF PRIMARY ISOLATION MEDIA 2-23. INCUBATION AND SUBCULTURE 2-24. PROCEDURE AFTER INCUBATION Section V. ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS, STERILIZATION, AND ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE 2-25. ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS 2-26. GENERAL COMMENTS ON STERILIZATION 2-27. MEDIA PREPARATION 2-28. HEAT 2-29. FILTRATION 2-30. RADIATION 2-31. GENERAL COMMENTS ON ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE 2-32. WORKING AREA 2-33. DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS 2-34. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS Section VI. ISOLATION OF BACTERIA 2-35. INTRODUCTION 2-36. INOCULATING LOOPS AND NEEDLES 2-37. STREAK PLATE 2-38. POUR PLATE METHOD 2-39. TEST TUBE CULTURES EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 3 Section I. COMMON TESTS 3-1. BILE SOLUBILITY TEST 3-2. CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION TEST 3-3. CATALASE TEST 3-4. CITRATE TEST 3-5. COAGULASE TEST 3-6. FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST 3-7. GELATIN LIQUEFACTION TEST 3-8. HYDROGEN SULFIDE TEST (LEAD ACETATE PAPER TEST) 3-9. INDOLE TEST 3-10. METHYL RED TEST 3-11. NITRATE REDUCTION TEST 3-12. OXIDASE TEST 3-13. UREASE TEST 3-14. VOGES-PROSKAUER TEST Section II. GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI: STAPHYLOCOCCI 3-15. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI 3-16. PATHOGENICITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCI 3-17. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI 3-18. LABORATORY INDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCI 3-19. CONFIRMATORY PROCEDURES Section III. GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI: STREPTOCOCCI 3-20. INTRODUCTION TO THE STREPTOCOCCI 3-21. HEMOLYTIC PATTERNS 3-22. PATHOGENICITY OF THE STREPTOCOCCI 3-23. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STREPTOCOCCI 3-24. GENERAL IDENTIFICATION STREPTOCOCCI 3-25. BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI 3-26. DIFFERENTIATION OF OTHER STREPTOCOCCI Section IV. GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI: PNEUMOCOCCI 3-27. MORPHOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCI 3-28. GROWTH REQUIREMENTS OF PNEUMOCOCCI 3-29. COLONY CHARACTERISTICS OF PNEUMOCOCCI 3-30. PATHOGENICITY OF PNEUMOCOCCI 3-31. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI 3-32. CONFIRMATORY STUDIES EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 4 Section I. INTRODUCTION 4-1. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE NEISSERIAE 4-2. COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEISSERIAE Section II. NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE 4-3. PATHEGENICITY 4-4. CRITERIA FOR WOMEN 4-5. CRITERIA FOR MEN 4-6. SPECIAL SITUATIONS 4-7. OBTAINING SPECIMENS FOR CULTURE--WOMEN 4-8. OBTAINING SPECIMENS FOR CULTURE--MEN 4-9. CONDITIONS FOR INOCULATION OF MODIFIED THAYER-MARTIN MEDIUM 4-10. MODIFIED THAYER-MARTIN MEDIUM IN PLATES 4-11. CO2-GENERATING TABLETS 4-12. MODIFIED THAYER-MARTIN MEDIUM BOTTLES 4-13. INCUBATION 4-14. PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE 4-15. CONFIRMATORY IDENTIFICATION OF N. GONORRHOEAE 4-16. ARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION TESTS FOR NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE 4-17. CONFIRMATION OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Section III. NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS 4-18. PATHOGENICITY 4-19. SIMILARITY TO GONOCOCCI 4-20. SOURCE 4-21. IDENTIFICATION Section IV. GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI: CORYNEBACTERIA AND RELATEDSPECIES 4-22. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI 4-23. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE GENUS CORYNEBACTERIUM 4-24. CULTIVATION OF CORYNEBACTERIA 4-25. PATHOGENICITY OF CORYNEBACTERIA 4-26. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF CORYNEBACTERIA 4-27. LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES 4-28. ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE Section V. GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI: BACILLUS SPECIES 4-29. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE GENUS BACILLUS 4-30. BACILLUS SPORE FORMATION 4-31. BACILLUS CULTURES 4-32. PATHOGENICITY OF BACILLUS 4-33. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF BACI-SPECIES Section VI. GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI: CLOSTRIDIA 4-34. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE GENUS CLOSTRIDIUM 4-35. GROWTH REQUIREMENT OF CLOSTRIDIA 4-36. APPEARANCE OF CLOSTRIDIA 4-37. PATHOGENICITY OF CLOSTRIDIA 4-38. LABARORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM SPECIES Section VII. GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI: MYCOBACTERIA 4-39. GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT THE GENUS MYCOBACTERIUM 4-40. PATHOGENICITY 4-41. GENERAL PROCEDURES 4-42. APPEARANCE OF MYCOBACTEIRA 4-43. TRATION FOR CULTIVATION 4-44. CULTIVATION OF MYCOBACTERIA 4-45. VIRULENT STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIA 4-46. SAPROPHYTIC MYCOBACTERIA 4-47. CONFIRMATORY PROCEDUES FOR MYCOBACTERIA 4-48. CATALASE TEST (FOR ACID-FAST BACILLI) 4-49. NEUTRAL RED TEST (FOR ACID-FAST BACILLI) 4-50. NIACIN TEST (FOR ACID-FAST BACILLI) EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 5 Section I. INTRODUCTION 5-1. DEFINITION 5-2. NORMAL FLORA AND GENERAL IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES 5-3. MORPHOLOGY AND CULTURE Section II. PATHOGENICITY OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 5-4. PATHOGENICITY OF THE GENUS ESCHERICHIA 5-5. PATHOGENICITY OF THE GENUS KLEBSIELLA 5-6. PATHOGENICITY OF THE GENUS ENTEROBACTER 5-7. PATHOGENICITY OF THE GENUS PROTEUS 5-8. PATHOGENICITY OF THE GENUS SALMONELLA 5-9. PATHOGENICITY OF THE GENUS SHIGELLA Section III. ENTERIC MEDIA 5-10. CATEGORIES OF ENTERIC MEDIA 5-11. LACTOSE FERMENTATION 5-12. DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA 5-13. SELECTIVE MEDIA 5-14. ENRICHED MEDIA 5-15. TUBED DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA 5-16. ISOLATION OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS FROM FECAL SPECIMENS Section IV. PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF CULTURES FOR ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 5-17. COLONY CHARACTERISTICS 5-18, USE OF LESS INHIBITORY MEDIA 5-19. INDOLE, METHYL RED, VOGES-PROSKAUER, and CITRATE TESTS Section V. IDENTIFICATION OF ENTERIC ORGANISMS 5-20. GENERAL 5-21. LYSINE DECARBOXYLASE TEST (FALKOW METHOD) 5-22. DECARBOXYLASE TESTS (MOELLER METHOD) 5-23. PHENYLALANINE DEAMINASE TEST 5-24. MALONATE TEST 5-25. PECTOLYSIS TEST (MARTIN AND EWING) 5-26. MOTILITY TEST 5-27. THE PROTEUS AND PROVIDENCIA GENERA 5-28. THE ENTEROBACTER AND KLEBSIELLA GENERA 5-29. THE GENUS SALMONELLA 5-30. THE GENUS SHIGELLA 5-31. THE GENUS ESCHERICHIA 5-32. MORPHOLOGY 5-33. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS 5-34. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION 5-35. PATHOGENICITY EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 6 LESSON ASSIGNMENT Section I. PSEUDOMONAS 6-1. INTRODUCTION 6-2. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA 6-3. PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOMALLEI Section II. BRUCELLA 6-4. GENERAL TYPES 6-5. CULTURE 6-6. PATHOGENICITY 6-7. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION 6-8. MORPHOLOGY 6-9. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS 6-10. PATHOGENICITY AND IDENTIFICATION Section IV. BORDETELLA 6-11. INTRODUCTION 6-12. IDENTIFICATION Section V. FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS 6-13. MORPHOLOGY 6-14. CULTURAL CHARACTERI.STICS 6-15. LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION 6-16. PATHOGENICITY Section VI. MISCELLANEOUS ORGANISMS 6-17. BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS 6-18. STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS Section VII. ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTS 6-19. GENERAL COMMENTS 6-20. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 6-21. PREVENTING EMERGENCE OF RESISTANT STRAINS OF BACTERIA 6-22. LABORATORY ANTIBIOTICS METHODS FOR DETERMINING SENSITIVITY OF AN ORGANISM TO ANTIBOTICS 6-23. KIRBY-BAUER METHOD FOR DETERMINING BACTERIAL SENSITIVITY EXERCISES SOLUTIONS