Immunohematology and Blood Banking II MD0846

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DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LESSON 1 Section I. THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THE INTERACTION OF ANTIGENS,ANTIBODIES, AND COMPLEMENT IN IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY 1-1. BACKGROUND 1-2. THE IMMUME RESPONSE 1-3. ANTIGENS 1-4. ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS 1-5. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSES 1-6. IMMUNIZATION TO BLOOD-GROUP ANTIGENS 1-7. ANTIBODY STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND PROPERTIES 1-8. ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY 1-9. AGGLUTINATION 1-10. HEMOLYSIS 1-11. COMPLEMENT 1-12. THE CLASSIC COMPLEMENT PATHWAY 1-13. THE ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY 1-14. STABILITY OF COMPLEMENT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THEDETECTION OF BLOOD-GROUP ANTIBODIES Section II. THE ANTIGLOBULIN TEST 1-15. PRINCIPLES OF THE ANTIGLOBULIN TEST 1-16. DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TEST 1-17. INDIRECT ANT IGLOBULIN TEST 1-18. ROLE OF COMPLEMENT IN THE ANTIGLOBULIN REACTION 1-19. MECHANISMS FOR SENSITIZATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS BY COMPLEMENT 1-20. STANDARDIZATION OF ANTIGLOBULIN SERUMS 1-21. POLYSPECIFIC ANTIGLOBULIN REAGENTS 1-22. MONOSPECIFIC ANTIGLOBULIN SERUMS 1-23. FACTORS AFFECTING THE ANTIGLOBULIN TEST 1-24. SOURCES OF ERROR Section III. RED BLOOD CELL ANTIBODIES 1-25. ALLOANTIBODIES 1-26. PROCEDURES 1-27. READING AND INTERPRETATION OF REACTIONS 1-28. REAGENT RED BLOOD CELLS 1-29. SERUM 1-30. CONTROLS 1-31. ANTIBODY DETECTION 1-32. ANTIBODY IDENTIFICATION 1-33. USE OF RED BLOOD CELL PANELS 1-34. ANTIGENIC FREQUENCY 1-35. INTERPRETATION OF COMMON PANEL RESULTS 1-36. ANTIBODIES NOT EASILY IDENTIFIED 1-37. USEFUL ADDITIONAL NOTES 1-38. COLD ANTIBODIES 1-39. TITRATION 1-40. ABSORPTION 1-41. ELUTION Section IV. DETERMINATION OF COMPATIBILITY 1-42. DETERMINATION OF COMPATIBILITY 1-43. COLLECTION OF BLOOD FROM RECIPIENT 1-44. PRETRANSFUSION TESTING OF THE RECIPIENT 1-45. SELECTION OF BLOOD 1-46. MASSIVE TRANSFUSION 1-47. TECHNIQUES FOR CROSSMATCHING 1-48. INCOMPATIBLE CROSSMATCH 1-49. LABELING AND RELEASE OF CROSSMATCHED BLOOD 1-50. RETENTION AND STORAGE OF BLOOD SAMPLES 1-51. RELEASE OF BLOOD IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 1-52. CROSSMATCH IN PRESENCE OF PROLONGED CLOTTING TI 1-53. COMPATIBILITY TESTING AFTER INFUSION OF SYNTHETIC PLASMA EXPANDERS EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 2 Section I. INVESTIGATION OF A POSITIVE DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TESTAND IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA 2-1. GENERAL 2-2. IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA 2-3. GENERAL SEROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS 2-4. SPECIFICITY OF AUTOANTIBODY 2-5. COLD AGGLUTININ TITER. THERMAL AMPLITUDE, AND CONFIRMATIONOF ANTI-l(i) SPECIFICITY 2-6. ABO AND Rh GROUPING 2-7. AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH WARM ANTIBODIES 2-8. AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH COLD ANTIBODIES 2-9. DRUG-INDUCED "IN VIVO" RED BLOOD CELL SENSITIZATION 2-10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OP DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS 2-11. DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO PENICILLIN AND CEPHALOTHIN Section II. HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN 2-12. BACKGROUND 2-13. CLASSIFICATION 2-14. MECHANISMS OF MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION 2-15. TRANSFER OF ANTIBODY TO THE FETUS 2-16. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE 2-17. PRENATAL STUDIES 2-18. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORNS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD 2-19. TREATMENT OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN 2-20. RhO(D) IMMUNE GLOBULIN (HUMAN)-RhIG 2-21. MASSIVE FETOMATERNAL HEMORRHAGE 2-22. MATERNAL ALLOIMMUNIZATION TO PLATELETS, NEUTROPHILS, AND PROTEIN ALL O TYPES EXERCISES SOLUTIONS LESSON 3 Section I. BLOOD TRANSFUSION PRACTICE 3-1. BACKGROUND 3-2. TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS CONTAINING RED BLOOD CELLS 3-3. TRANSFUSION OF PLATELETS 3-4. BLOOD PRODUCTS USED TO REPLACE PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS 3-5. PLASMA SUBSTITUTES 3-6. SPECIAL SITUATIONS INVOLVING TRANSFUSION 3-7. ADMINISTRATION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS Section II. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 3-8. BACKGROUND 3-9. IMMEDIATE EFFECTS 3-10. DELAYED EFFECTS 3-11. RECORDS OF TRANSFUSION COMPLICATIONS Section III. PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS 3-12. BACKGROUND 3-13. SELECTION OF DONORS 3-14. TESTING FOR HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN AND HEPATITIS C IN BLOOD 3-15. RECIPIENT FOLLOW-UP FOR POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS 3-16. HEPATITIS-IMPLICATED DONORS AND THOSE FOUND TO HAVE HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN OR HEPATITIS C VIRUS 3-17. USE OF GAMMA GLOBULIN WITH TRANSFUSIONS 3-18. LABORATORY SAFETY EXERCISES SOLUTIONS APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY