Tourism and Hospitality in Asia: Crisis, Resilience and Recovery

Description

This book analyses the ways in which crises, including COVID-19, can be managed within the tourism and hospitality industries in Asia, in ways that support the future of these industries and help to make them more resilient. This book supports efforts to develop a new direction for the tourism and hospitality industry by considering their development holistically in the context of sustainable development. Going further, this book highlights actions to make the tourism system more resilient to external shocks and crises. Readers of this book will get insights into the economic, social, technological, and environmental implications of crises on the tourism and hospitality industry in Asia, including issues within the food and beverage industry in the Asian post-COVID-19 period. This book has three major objectives: to explore the crisis context of Asian tourism and hospitality, to present multiple cases from countries in Asia, and finally to envisage the paths to make the Asian tourism system more resilient, through the discussion of new trends and issues emerging following the pandemic. This book examines the economic, social, environmental, and technological implications of crises on the Asian tourism and hospitality industry and discusses the various ways of managing these crises more efficiently, contributing new knowledge to the industry. In its wider context, this book covers tourism management, crisis management, and destination management. At the more micro level, themes explored include tourism economics, marketing management, hospitality management, food and beverage management and tourism technology. Introduction Contents Part I: The Crisis Context Crisis, Resilience and Recovery in Tourism and Hospitality: A Synopsis Introduction Crisis Resilience and Recovery Crisis in Tourism and Hospitality Environmental Crisis Societal and Political Crisis Health Crisis Technological Crisis Economic Crisis Resilience and Recovery of Tourism and Hospitality Crisis Conclusion References Community Resilience and Crisis Management: Stakeholders Perspective of the Tourism Industry Introduction Continuous Disasters and Vulnerabilities A Systematic Approach: Improves Destination Restoration Success Community Resilience Crossroads Literature Roadmap Conceptualization and Indicative Frameworks Managerial Implications Conclusion References Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Paradigm Shift Introduction Academic Approaches Rolling of SR & CSR in Tourism-Hospitality Phases in SR-CSR Approaches in Tourism Paradigm Shifts in SR & CSR Approaches in Tourism Conclusion: Future of Pandemic-Driven CSR in Tourism References Effects of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior in the Tourism Industry Introduction Consumer Behavior Pandemic Outbreak Consumer Attitude Cases Case Study 1: Hussain Sagar Lake, Hyderabad Case Study 2: Beaches and Valleys, Visakhapatnam Some Suggestions Conclusion References Pandemic Crisis and Prospects of Tourism Along the BCIM Economic Corridor Introduction Global Pandemic Crisis and the BCIM-EC Tourism Methodology and Framework Findings and Discussion Conclusion References Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Pakistan: An Insight from Techno and Social-Economics Crisis Perspective Introduction Challenges that the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Face in Asia Contribution of Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Pakistan’s Economy Tourism and Hospitality Industry Crises Before COVID-19 Tourism and Hospitality Industry Crises During COVID-19 Post COVID-19 Pandemic Tourist Behavior Role of Human Assets in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Information Technology Infusion in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Attractions to Promote Sustainable Tourism Economic Impact of COVID-19 on the Stakeholders of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Government Incentives for the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Quality Management (SOPs) in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Conclusion References Indian Medical Tourism: COVID-19 Situation, Planning and Reviving Approaches Introduction COVID-19 and Tourism COVID-19 and Medical Tourism Purpose of the Study Medical Tourism Concepts Management of Medical Tourism Medical Tourism in India Indian Medical Tourism at Global Level Medical Tourism Management in India from COVID-19 Perspectives Medical Tourism and COVID-19 Challenges in India Post COVID-19 Medical Tourism Readiness in India Post COVID-19 Medical Tourism Strategies Conclusion References Disrupted Diners: Impacts of COVID-19 on Restaurant Service Systems and Technological Adaptations Introduction Restaurants in Pre-COVID-19 Times: Interplay of Tangibles (Food), Atmospherics, and Employee-Customer Engagement-Focused Service Encounters Changing Paradigms of Restaurant Service Systems: Advancements and Service Innovations Imposed by COVID-19 Strategic Reorientation of Restaurant Service Systems: The Post-Pandemic Perspectives Discussion and Conclusion References Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Smallholder Producers of Farming Products Supply to Tourism Business in Sri Lanka Introduction Types of Smallholder Farms in Sri Lanka Animal Husbandry Farmers Aquaculture Farmers Crop Farmers Theory of Smallholder Farm Production Methodology Results and Discussion Socio-Economic Characteristics of Smallholder Farmers Tourism Businesses Linked with Smallholder Farmers Smallholder Farmers from Tourism Industry Before COVID-19 Pandemic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Cost of Production, Revenue and Profit Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farmers During COVID-19 Conclusion References Part II: Resilience and Recovery in the Post COVID-19 Period Pandemic, Tourism and Economic Crisis: An Analysis of Performance of the Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation Introduction and Background of the Study Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation: Organogram, Regulatory Role, and Functions Board of Directors of BPC Regulatory Roles and Functions of BPC State of the Performance of Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation: An Analysis Income and Profit/Loss Scenario of BPC Investment and Grants Scenario of BPC BPC’s Contribution to the Public Treasury Performance of Duty-Free Shops (DFS) Running by BPC Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Travel and Tourism Industry of Bangladesh Enhancing the Performance of BPC: Discussions and Ways Forward Special Financial Package for Tourism Industry and Tourism-Friendly Policy Formulation Establishment, Improvement, and Renovation of Basic Infrastructure and Tourism Services Necessary Arrangements for Safety and Security of the Tourists Adoption of Latest Technologies for Better Services and Innovative Marketing Necessary and Timely Actions to Preserve Tourist Spots and Environments Creation and Appointment of Skilled Manpower and Ensuring Professionalism Coordination Among Various Public and Private Agencies Conclusion References Does Tourism and Hospitality Workplace Fun Influence Employee Deep Acting in a Moderated Situation? Introduction Literature Review and Hypothesis Development Workplace Fun and Work Engagement Psychological Capital and Work Engagement Work Engagement and Employee Deep Acting Moderating Effect of Psychological Capital Research Methods Research Setting Participants’ Information Measurement Tools Analysis and Findings Analytical Technique Method Bias Measurement Issues Hypothesis Testing Discussion and Conclusion Contributions Implications Limitations and Notes for Future Research References COVID-19 Effects, Challenges and Recovery of Rural Tourism in Iran Introduction COVID-19 Effects on Rural Tourism in Iran COVID-19 Effects on Socio-cultural Sides of Rural Tourism Destinations Nomadic Pastoralism Tourism in Iran (Qashqa’i Tribe) COVID-19 Effects on Economic Sides of Rural Tourism Destinations Nomads in the Northwest of Iran (East Azarbaijan Province) COVID-19 Effects on Environmental Sides of Rural Tourism Destinations Nomadic in the South-Western of Iran (Chahar Mahal – Bakhtiari Province) Challenges to Recover Rural Tourism in Iran from COVID-19 Pandemic Conclusion References Role of Tourist Guides in Destination Recovery Process through Cultural Tourism Product Development in Post COVID-19 Period Introduction Product Development in Tourism Industry Product Development in Culture Tourism Post COVID-19 Period and Role of the Tourist Guide Destination Improvement Process Post-COVID-19 Destination Recovery Process The Role of Tourist Guides in the Post-COVID-19 Destination Recovery Process Conclusion References How to Make Place Branding Content Viral in Pre and Post-Pandemic Situations Through Instagram? Introduction Proposed Model of the Chapter (Fig. 1) Purpose of Viral Content Marketing in Pre-pandemic Era Place Awareness Place Image Development of Place Reputation Purpose of Viral Content Marketing in the Post-pandemic Era Providing Essence of the Place Through Content Culture and Communities Social Resilience Principles of Viral Content Marketing in the Pre-pandemic Era The Authenticity of a Place The Distinctiveness of a Place Principles of Viral Content Marketing in the Post-pandemic Era Vicarious Pleasure Creation of Wistful Nostalgia Co-creation of Local Places Through Micro-influencers Priorities of Viral Content Marketing in the Pre-pandemic Era Priorities of Viral Content Marketing in the Post-pandemic Era Leisure Destination Collaborative Place Branding Penetration and Comprehension of Viral Content in the Pre-pandemic Era Attention Penetration and Comprehension of Viral Content in the Post-pandemic Era Understanding of the Message and Consideration Place Attachment Through Viral Content in the Pre-pandemic Era Place Attachment and Nostalgia Place Narratives Development of Attachment in the Post-pandemic Era Psycho Pleasure Social Pleasure Replication and Release of Content in the Pre-pandemic Era Replication and Release of Content in the Post-pandemic Era Place Perception, Association, and Sharing Contributions Proposed Model Practical Implications Place Branding Process References Effects of COVID-19 and Recovery Process in the Turkish Tourism Industry Introduction The Emergent and Evolution of the Pandemic Effects of COVID-19 on the Turkish Economy Impacts of Digital Technology During the Pandemic Methodology Findings Psychological Effect of Pandemic Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Social Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Conclusion and Discussion References The Impact of COVID-19 on Malaysia’s Hospitality and Tourism Industry: Any Recovery Measures for Transformation? Introduction The Impacts of COVID-19 on the Malaysian Tourism Industry The Impacts of COVID-19 on Airline Industries The Impacts of COVID-19 on Hotel Businesses, Hotel Workforce and Small and Medium Enterprises Recovery Measures to Restart Tourism? Conclusion References Short and Long Term Recovery of Tourism as a Way Out of COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Turkey Introduction Tourism Industry in Turkey Sector Impacts Hospitality Aviation Others Tourism Dependency and Resilience Recovery Short-Term Recovery Long-Term Recovery Conclusion References Digital Acceptance and Resilience in Rural Tourism Destination: A Case of Bali Introduction The Existing Condition of Rural Tourism Destination in Bali Ease of Access to Planning Documents Main Attractions of Tourist Village Actor/Rural Tourism Manager Rural Tourism Ownership Collaboration Model Tourist Experience Model Digital Literacy Social Media Engagement Innovation in Rural Tourism Typology of Digital Acceptance and Resilience in Rural Tourism Village Revitalization: A Sustainable Livelihood Approach in the Tourism Context Technopreneurship: Managing Productive and Creative Volunteers Creating Job Opportunities Local Resources Technological Advancement Capital Formation Promotion of Entrepreneurial Activities Creative Economy Tourism-Focused Community Development Conclusion References Part III: The Future Ahead The Future of Post-Pandemic Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Comprehensive Assessment Introduction Post-Pandemic Revival in Tourism and Hospitality Resilience in Tourism and Travel Industry Technology in the Post-Pandemic Tourism-Hospitality and Travel Industry Conclusion References Rerouting Tourism and Hospitality in Crisis: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions Introduction Literature Review The Evolution of Crisis The Conceptual Foundations of Crisis Crisis, Tourism and Hospitality COVID-19 and Tourism Methodology of this Study Data Collection for Systematic Literature Review Merger of Scopus and Web of Science Data and the Removal of Duplicates Data Analysis Analysis and Results of Bibliometric Analysis Bibliographic Coupling Citation Analysis Three Field Plots Prestige Analysis Keyword Analysis Co-citation Analysis Thematic Synthesis of the Explored Clusters Cluster One: Damage Control and Future Insights into the Travel and Tourism Business Cluster Two: Crisis Framework for Travel and Tourism for Disaster Management (Examples from Modern Emerging Disasters) Cluster 3: COVID-19 and Its Various Determinants for Impactful Overall Assessment Among Individuals Cluster 4: Smart Approach in Developing Smart Destinations Learning from Crises Conclusion References Conclusion Index