Enhanced Access to Publicly Funded Data for Science, Technology and Innovation

Description

In increasingly knowledge-based societies and economies, data are a key resource. Enhanced access to publicly funded data enables research and innovation, and has far-reaching effects on resource efficiency, productivity and competitiveness, creating benefits for society at large. Yet these benefits must also be balanced against associated risks to privacy, intellectual property, national security and the public interest. This report presents current policy practice to promote access to publicly funded data for science, technology and innovation, as well as policy challenges for the future. It examines national policies and international initiatives, and identifies seven issues that require policy attention. Foreword Acknowledgements Abbreviations and acronyms Executive summary 1 Data for science, technology and innovation: Definitions, scope and objectives Significance and scope of data for STI Overall significance of data to private-sector innovation, scientific research and society Private-sector innovation Scientific research Society Scope of data covered: Public data for STI Enhanced access to data: A primer Definition of enhanced access to data Opportunities from enhanced access to publicly funded data for STI Drivers and barriers for open access to data Objectives and structure of the report References Notes 2 International initiatives promoting enhanced access to publicly funded data for science, technology and innovation Initiatives pertaining to data from publicly funded research The OECD Recommendation of the Council concerning Access to Research Data from Public Funding Influence of the OECD Recommendation of the Council concerning Access to Research Data from Public Funding Achievement of Recommendation objectives European Commission initiatives Community-led initiatives Other initiatives Initiatives related to public-sector information References Notes 3 Current policies in favour of enhanced access to data in OECD member countries and partner economies Overview of policy initiatives promoting enhanced access to data and open science Motivation for policy initiatives promoting enhanced access to data for STI Initiation of policy initiatives and process Top-down initiatives driven by government and funding agencies France: NCDO Finland: Open Science and Research Initiative Korea: Strategy to promote sharing and use of research data for innovative growth Norway: National strategy on access to and sharing of research data Slovenia: Research Data Management and Openness in Slovenia Spain: Open-access dissemination in the Spanish Law on STI (Article 37) Germany: National Research Data Infrastructure Canada: Open Government Portal Argentina: The Argentine Science and Technology Information Portal European Union: Horizon 2020 Open Research Data Pilot and Data Management Plan Mexico: Open science policy – Open Repositories Programme Sweden: Infrastructures for Register-based Research, a government commission to the Swedish Research Council United States: Principles for Promoting Access to Federal Government-Supported Scientific Data and Research Findings through International Scientific Co-operation Bottom-up initiatives driven by institutions Netherlands National Plan Open Science UK Concordat on Open Research Data South Africa: DataFirst repository Belgium: Data Management Plan Belgium Consortium Colombia: Colombian Biodiversity Information System – SiB Colombia International influences on national policy making Monitoring and evaluation of policies Achievements and challenges Achievements Future challenges References Notes 4 Main policy gaps hindering access to data Relevance of the 2006 OECD Recommendation of the Council concerning Access to Research Data from Public Funding Addressing challenges in access to research data Synthesis of policy gaps in promoting enhanced access to data for STI Balancing the potential public benefits and risks of sharing: Addressing privacy, confidentiality, quality and ethical issues Balancing the potential public benefits and risks of sharing: Cross-cutting learnings from the case studies Technical standards and practices Discoverability/findability, machine readability and data standard: Cross-cutting learnings from the policy case studies Recognition and reward systems for data authors Recognition and reward system for data authors: Cross-cutting learnings from the policy case studies Definition of responsibility and ownership Definition of responsibility and ownership: Cross-cutting learnings from the policy case studies Business models for providing enhanced access to data Business models for providing enhanced access: Cross-cutting learnings from the policy case studies Building human capital Building human capital: Cross-cutting learnings from the policy case studies Exchange of sensitive data across borders Exchange of sensitive data across borders: Cross-cutting learnings from the policy case studies References Notes 5 The future of access to data for science, technology and innovation Policy issues and implications Issues identified in enhancing access to data for STI Implications for policymakers Potential future developments in this policy field