COVID-19 Metabolomics and Diagnosis: Chemical Science for Prevention and Understanding Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases

Description

This book focus on COVID-19 topics, with emphasis on metabolomics and diagnosis. The chapters cover the chemical science for prevention and understanding outbreaks of infectious diseases. This book compiles the most widespread methodologies of application of quality statistical tools added to the evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2, metabolic behavior of COVID infection severity, and trends in rapid test for COVID-19. Contents Trends in Electroanalytical Assays for COVID-19 Diagnosis 1 Introduction 1.1 Electrochemical Biosensor Operation 1.2 Structure of SARS-CoV-2 1.3 RT-qPCR Versus Biosensors 2 S Protein-Based Electrochemical Biosensors 3 N Protein-Based Electrochemical Biosensors 4 RNA-Based Electrochemical Biosensors 5 Challenges and Perspectives References Microfluidic Devices with Electrochemical Detection Towards Covid-19 Detection 1 A Brief Historic Overview: Types of Substrates, Fabrication Methods and Systems of Detection 2 In a Microfluidic World, Why Does Size Matter? 3 Microfluidic Devices with Electrochemical Detection 4 Electrochemical Biosensing of COVID-19 Using Microfluidics 4.1 COVID-19 Diagnostic Strategies in Bioelectrochemical Microfluidics 4.2 Materials and Immobilization Approaches 5 Detailed Approaches for Electrochemical Detection of COVID-19 Using Microfluidic Devices References Carbon-Based Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of SARS-CoV-2 1 Introduction 2 Carbon-Based Materials Applied for SARS-CoV-2 Biosensing 2.1 Macro-Materials: Graphite and Diamond 2.2 Nanostructured Materials 3 Tendencies and Perspectives References Electrochemical Immunosensor for Diagnosis of COVID-19 1 Introduction 2 Biomarkers 3 Immunosensors 3.1 Antibodies 3.2 Immobilization Methods 3.3 Immunusensors Format 4 Techniques in Electrochemical Immunosensors 4.1 Voltammetry 4.2 Amperometry 4.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 5 Electrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of COVID-19 5.1 Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins 5.2 Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA 5.3 Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies 6 Conclusion References Optical Fibers Sensors for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection 1 Fundamentals 2 Optical Techniques for Covid-19 Detection 2.1 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) 2.2 Localized-Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) 2.3 Luminescence 3 Optical Fiber for Biosensing 3.1 Propagation of Light 3.2 Chemically Modified Optical Fiber for Sensing 3.3 Fiber Bragg Grating 3.4 Highlights and Final Comments 4 Perspectives References Lateral Flow Assays for COVID-19 1 Introduction 2 LFA Construction 3 LFA for COVID-19 3.1 Nanomaterials for Bioconjugation 3.2 Human Sampling 3.3 Antibody Test 3.4 Antigen Test 3.5 Viral Nucleic Acid Detection 4 General Improvements Using LFA 5 Future Perspectives References The Use of NMR Based Metabolomics to Discriminate Patients with Viral Diseases 1 Introduction 1.1 Metabolomics 1.2 NMR as a Tool in Metabolomics 2 Advances in NMR Based Metabolomics to Apply to Diagnostic Diseases 2.1 qNMR Strategies to Overcome the Metabolomics Issues 3 Viral Diseases Discriminated by NMR Based Metabolomics 3.1 Metabolomics Analysis in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection 3.2 Metabolomics Analysis in Hepatitis C Viral Infection 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References Application of Quality Statistical Tools for the Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Detection 1 Introduction 2 SARS-CoV-2 2.1 Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Detection 3 Quality Assurance 3.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Methods 3.2 Method Validation 3.3 Uncertainty Estimation 3.4 Proficiency Testing 4 Application of Quality Statistical Tools in Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References