International Migration Outlook 2018

Description

001-002......Page 3 Foreword......Page 5 Editorial: Moving forward with a pragmatic and constructive co-operation agenda on international migration......Page 11 Main trends......Page 15 Labour market integration of immigrants......Page 16 Illegal employment of foreign workers......Page 17 Chapter 1. Recent developments in international migration movements and policies......Page 19 Main findings......Page 20 Major changes in migration flows to OECD in 2017......Page 21 Permanent-type migration flows......Page 22 Temporary labour migration......Page 27 Trainees......Page 29 Intra-company transferees......Page 31 Intra-EU/EFTA posted workers......Page 32 Students......Page 34 Asylum seekers......Page 38 How large is the foreign-born population at the OECD?......Page 44 Countries of origin of new immigrants to the OECD......Page 45 Flows of migrant women......Page 49 Acquisition of citizenship......Page 50 Programmes for highly-skilled economic migrants continue to be adjusted…......Page 52 …while competition to facilitate migration of skilled workers continues......Page 53 Temporary skilled work schemes have also undergone revision......Page 54 …while shortage lists continue to be used......Page 55 Some new temporary and seasonal migration schemes are still being developed......Page 56 Entrepreneurs and investors are sought-after immigrants......Page 59 The effects of the “migration crisis” are still feeding policy development......Page 60 Tightening-up conditions of entry and stay continues......Page 61 The temporary expansion of resettlement quotas has largely subsided......Page 64 Changes in family-related policies reflect divergent approaches......Page 66 Border controls have been stepped up......Page 67 EU relations with Turkey and Libya......Page 68 …and they want international graduates to enter their labour markets......Page 69 The network of bilateral agreements continues to widen......Page 70 Youth mobility is seen positively......Page 71 Notes......Page 72 References......Page 73 Annex 1.A. Supplementary tables and figures......Page 75 Chapter 2. Labour market outcomes of migrants and integration policies in OECD countries......Page 85 Main findings......Page 86 Recent changes in labour market outcomes of migrants in the OECD area......Page 87 Labour market outcomes of migrants in the OECD area continue to improve......Page 88 Migrants’ labour market outcomes differ substantially depending on region of origin......Page 92 Highly-educated, young and male migrants have benefited more from the recovery......Page 94 Those not in employment, education or training do not always seek a job......Page 96 Migrant employment has increased in specific sectors......Page 97 Migrants remain over-represented in low-skilled occupations......Page 101 The risk of over-qualification is greater for migrants......Page 105 Recent changes in integration policies in OECD countries......Page 107 …And participation in introduction measures is increasingly becoming obligatory......Page 108 Language training remains the key building block of integration training…......Page 109 Assessment of skills and recognition of formal qualifications continues to develop......Page 110 Validation of informally-acquired skills is increasingly used to orient integration advice and interventions......Page 111 Many OECD countries have developed measures targeted at the most vulnerable groups......Page 112 Migrants with limited skills often require increased support......Page 113 Unaccompanied minors face particular challenges......Page 114 Despite relatively poor labour market outcomes, policy initiatives targeted at migrant women remain rare......Page 115 There has been a trend towards limiting migrant access to benefits…......Page 116 …while some OECD countries have extended medical coverage or benefit entitlement to migrant groups previously not covered......Page 117 Naturalisation requirements increasingly emphasise integration outcomes rather than years of residency......Page 119 References......Page 120 Annex 2.A. Additional tables......Page 121 Chapter 3. The contribution of recent refugee flows to the labour force......Page 133 Main findings......Page 134 Recent trends in humanitarian inflows towards European countries......Page 136 Economic impact: What do we know?......Page 138 Existing evidence on the labour market impact of humanitarian migration towards OECD countries......Page 140 The Indochinese refugee crisis, 1975-95......Page 141 Refugees of the 1990s Yugoslav Wars......Page 142 Syrian refugees in Turkey, 2011 - Present......Page 143 Basic hypotheses and data......Page 144 Refugee admissions over time......Page 146 Country-specific participation and employment rates......Page 147 Distribution of educational attainment of refugees......Page 148 Projections for 2018-20......Page 149 Refugees in the working-age population......Page 150 Refugees in the labour force......Page 154 Employment and unemployment among refugees......Page 157 Rejected asylum seekers......Page 161 Family members of refugees......Page 163 Conclusion......Page 165 Notes......Page 166 References......Page 168 Annex 3.A. Supplementary figures......Page 171 Chapter 4. Addressing the illegal employment of foreign workers......Page 173 Introduction......Page 174 Main findings......Page 175 What are we talking about?......Page 176 Fine tuning foreign workers’ profiles: histories and trajectories......Page 178 What drives the illegal employment of foreign workers?......Page 179 Measurement issues......Page 180 Partial indications of trends......Page 182 Workers’ characteristics: Gender, age, skills and country of origin......Page 185 Sectors and occupations......Page 189 Analysing findings from Lombardy......Page 190 Insights into integration......Page 192 Reducing informal employment......Page 193 Border control and in countries detections......Page 194 Creating legal migration channels in certain sectors......Page 195 Enhancing compliance and workplace enforcement: Prevent, detect and sanction......Page 196 Encouraging the use of status verification systems......Page 197 Ensuring effective and adequate inspections......Page 200 Making employer sanctions more effective......Page 205 Conclusions......Page 208 Notes......Page 209 References......Page 212 Annex 4.A. Supplementary tables and figures......Page 217 Chapter 5. Country notes: Recent changes in migration movements and policies......Page 221 For further information......Page 222 For further information......Page 224 For further information......Page 226 For further information......Page 228 For further information......Page 230 For further information......Page 232 For further information......Page 234 For further information......Page 236 For further information......Page 238 For further information......Page 240 For further information......Page 242 For further information......Page 244 For further information......Page 246 For further information......Page 248 For further information......Page 250 For further information......Page 252 For further information......Page 254 For further information......Page 256 For further information......Page 258 For further information......Page 260 For further information......Page 262 For further information......Page 264 For further information......Page 266 For further information......Page 268 For further information......Page 270 For further information......Page 272 For further information......Page 274 For further information......Page 276 For further information......Page 278 For further information......Page 280 For further information......Page 282 For further information......Page 284 For further information......Page 286 For further information......Page 288 For further information......Page 290 For further information......Page 292 For further information......Page 294 For further information......Page 296 Naturalisations......Page 298 Labour market outcomes......Page 299 Statistical annex......Page 301 General comments......Page 302 List of the members of the OECD Expert Group on Migration......Page 415 International Migration Division......Page 417 999......Page 418