Physics: A General Course: Electricity & Magnetism, Waves, Optics

Description

Preface I ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM ELECTRIC FIELD IN A VACUUM Electric Charge Coulomb's Law Systems of Units Rationalized Form of Writing Formulas Electric Field. Field Strength Potential Interaction Energy of a System of Charges Relation Between Electric Field Strength and Potential Dipole Field of a System of Charges at Great Distances A Description of the Properties of Vector Fields Circulation and Curl of an Electrostatic Field Gauss's Theorem Calculating Fields with the Aid of Gauss's Theorem ELECTRIC FIELD IN DIELECTRICS Polar and Non-Polar Molecules Polarization of Dielectrics The Field Inside a Dielectric Space and Surface Bound Charges Electric Displacement Vector Examples of Calculating the Field in Dielectrics Conditions on the Interface Between Two Dielectrics Forces Acting on a Charge in a Dielectric Ferroelectrics CONDUCTORS IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD Equilibrium of Charges on a Conductor A Conductor in an External Electric Field Capacitance Capacitors ENERGY OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD Energy of a Charged Conductor Energy of a Charged Capacitor Energy of an Electric Field STEADY ELECTRIC CURRENT Electric Current Continuity Equation Electromotive Force Ohm's Law. Resistance of Conductors Ohm's Law for an Inhomogeneous Circuit Section Multiloop Circuits. Kirchhoff's Rules Power of a Current The Joule-Lenz Law MAGNETIC FIELD IN A VACUUM Interaction of Currents Magnetic Field Field of a Moving Charge The Biot-Savart Law The Lorentz Force Ampere's Law Magnetism as a Relativistic Effect Current Loop in a Magnetic Field Magnetic Field of a Current Loop Work Done When a Current Moves in a Magnetic Field Divergence and Curl of a Magnetic Field Field of a Solenoid and Toroid MAGNETIC FIELD IN A SUBSTANCE Magnetization of a Magnetic Magnetic Field Strength Calculation of the Field in Magnetics Conditions at the Interface of Two Magnetics Kinds of Magnetics Gyromagnetic Phenomena Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION The Phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction Induced E.M.F. Ways of Measuring the Magnetic Induction Eddy Currents Self-Induction Current When a Circuit Is Opened or Closed Mutual Induction Energy of a Magnetic Field Work in Magnetic Reversal of a Ferromagnetic MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS Vortex Electric Field Displacement Current Maxwell's Equations MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS Motion of a Charged Particle in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field Deflection of Moving Charged Particles by an Electric and a Magnetic Field Determination of the Charge and Mass of an Electron Determination of the Specific Charge of Ions. Mass Spectrographs Charged Particle Accelerators THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE OF METALS The Nature of Current Carriers in Metals The Elementary Classical Theory of Metals The Hall Effect ELECTRIC CURRENT IN GASES Semi-Self-Sustained and Self-Sustained Conduction Semi-Self-Sustained Gas Discharge Ionization Chambers and Counters Processes Leading to the Appearance of Current Carriers Gas-Discharge Plasma Glow Discharge Arc Discharge Spark and Corona Discharges ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS Quasistationary Currents Free Oscillations in a Circuit Without a Resistance Free Damped Oscillations Forced Electrical Oscillations Alternating Current II WAVES ELASTIC WAVES Propagation of Waves in an Elastic Medium Equations of a Plane and a Spherical Wave Equation of a Plane Wave Propagating in an Arbitrary Direction The Wave Equation Velocity of Elastic Waves in a Solid Medium Energy of an Elastic Wave Standing Waves Oscillations of a String Sound The Velocity of Sound in Gases The Doppler Effect for Sound Waves ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES The Wave Equation for an Electromagnetic Field Plane Electromagnetic Wave Experimental Investigation of Electromagnetic Waves Energy of Electromagnetic Waves Momentum of Electromagnetic Field Dipole Emission III OPTICS OPTICS The Light Wave Representation of Harmonic Functions Using Exponents Reflection and Refraction of a Plane Wave at the Interface Between Two Dielectrics Luminous Flux Photometric Quantities and Units Geometrical Optics Centered Optical System Thin Lenses Huygens' Principle INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT Interference of Light Waves Coherence Ways of Observing the Interference of Light Interference of Light Reflected from Thin Plates The Michelson Interferometer Multibeam Interference DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT Introduction Huygens-Fresnel Principle Fresnel Zones Fresnel Diffraction from Simple Barriers Fraunhofer Diffraction from a Slit Diffraction Grating Diffraction of X-Rays Resolving Power of an Objective Holography POLARIZATION OF LIGHT Natural and Polarized Light Polarization in Reflection and Refraction Polarization in Double Refraction Interference of Polarized Rays Passing of Plane-Polarized Light Through a Crystal Plate A Crystal Plate Between Two Polarizers Artificial Double Refraction Rotation of Polarization Plane INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A SUBSTANCE Dispersion of Light Group Velocity Elementary Theory of Dispersion Absorption of Light Scattering of Light The Vavilov-Cerenkov Effect MOVING-MEDIA OPTICS The Speed of Light Fizeau's Experiment Michelson's Experiment The Doppler Effect APPENDICES List of Symbols Units of Electrical and Magnetic Quantities Basic Formulas of Electricity and Magnetism