Physics: A General Course: Mechanics, Molecular Physics

Description

Preface Introduction I THE PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICS KINEMATICS Mechanical motion Vectors Velocity and Speed Acceleration Circular Motion DYNAMICS OF A POINT PARTICLE Classical Mechanics. Range of Its Applicability Newton's First Law. Inertial Reference Frames Mass and Momentum of a Body Newton's Second Law Units and Dimensions of Physical Quantities Newton's Third Law Galileo's Relativity Principle Forces Elastic Forces Friction Forces Force of Gravity and Weight Practical Application of Newton's Laws LAWS OF CONSERVATION Quantities Obeying the Laws of Conservation Kinetic Energy Work Conservative Forces Potential Energy in an External Force Field Potential Energy of Interaction Law of Conservation of Energy Energy of Elastic Deformation Equilibrium Conditions of a Mechanical System Law of Momentum Conservation Collision of Two Bodies Law of Angular Momentum Conservation Motion in a Central Force Field Two-Body Problem NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES Forces of Inertia Centrifugal Force of Inertia Coriolis Force Laws of Conservation in Non-Inertial Reference Frames MECHANICS OF A RIGID BODY Motion of a Body Motion of the Centre of Mass of a Body Rotation of a Body about a Fixed Axis Moment of Inertia Concept of Inertia Tensor Kinetic Energy of a Rotating Body Kinetic Energy of a Body in Plane Motion Application of the Laws of Dynamics of a Body Gyroscopes UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Field The Equivalence Principle Orbital and Escape Velocities OSCILLATORY MOTION General Small-Amplitude Oscillations Complex Numbers Linear Differential Equations Harmonic Oscillations The Pendulum Vector Diagram Beats Addition of Mutually Perpendicular Oscillations Damped Oscillations Auto-Oscillations Forced Oscillations Parametric Resonance RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS The Special Theory of Relativity Lorentz Transformations Corollaries of the Lorentz Transformations Interval Transformation and Addition of Velocities Relativistic Expression for the Momentum Relativistic Expression for the Energy Transformations of Momentum and Energy Relation Between Mass and Energy Particles with a Zero Rest Mass HYDRODYNAMICS Streamlines and Flow Tubes. Flow Continuity Bernoulli's Equation Flow of a Liquid from a Hole Forces of Internal Friction Laminar and Turbulent Flows Flow of a Liquid in a Round Pipe Motion of Bodies in Fluids II MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS GENERAL INFORMATION Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics Mass and Size of Molecules State of a System. Process Internal Energy of a System The First Law of Thermodynamics Work Done by a Body upon Changes in Volume Temperature Equation of State of an Ideal Gas Internal Energy and Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas Equation of Adiabat of an Ideal Gas Polytropic Processes Work of an Ideal Gas in Different Processes Van der Waals Gas The Barometric Formula STATISTICAL PHYSICS Information from the Theory of Probability Nature of the Thermal Motion of Molecules Number of Collisions of Molecules with a Wall Pressure of a Gas on a Wall Mean Energy of Molecules The Maxwell Distribution Experimental Verification of the Maxwell Distribution Law The Boltzmann Distribution Determination of the Avogadro Constant by Perrin Macro- and Microstates. Statistical Weight Entropy THERMODYNAMICS Fundamental Laws The Carnot Cycle The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale Examples of Calculating the Entropy Some Applications of Entropy Thermodynamic Potentials THE CRYSTALLINE STATE Features of the Crystalline State Classification of Crystals Physical Kinds of Crystal Lattices Defect in Crystals Heat Capacity of Crystals THE LIQUID STATE The Structure of Liquids Surface Tension Pressure under a Curved Liquid Surface Phenomena on Liquid-Solid Interface Capillary Phenomena PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND TRANSITIONS Introduction Evaporation and Condensation Equilibrium Between a Liquid and Its Saturated Vapour The Critical State Supersaturated Vapour and Superheated Liquid Melting and Crystallization The Clapeyron-Clausius Equation Triple Point. Phase Diagram PHYSICAL KINETICS Transport Phenomena Mean Free Path Diffusion in Gases Thermal Conductivity of Gases Viscosity of Gases Ultrararefied Gases APPENDICES List of Symbols Calculation of Selected Integrals The Stirling Formula