Physics: A General Course: Electricity & Magnetism, Waves, Optics

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Front Cover Title Page PREFACE CONTENTS PART I ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1 ELECTRIC FIELD IN A VACUUM 1.1. Electric Charge 1.2. Coulomb's Law 1.3. Systems of Units 1.4. Rationalized Form of Writing Formulas 1.5. Electric Field. Field Strength 1.6. Potential 1.7. Interaction Energy of a System of Charges 1.8. Relation Between Electric Field Strength and Potential 1.9. Dipole 1.10. Field of a System of Charges at Great Distances 1.11. A Description of the Properties of Vector Fields 1.12. Circulation and Curl of an Electrostatic Field 1.13. Gauss's Theorem 1.14. Calculating Fields with the Aid of Gauss's Theorem 2 ELECTRIC FIELD ELECTRIC FIELD 2.1. Polar and Non-Polar Molecules 2.2. Polarization of Dielectrics 2.3. The Field Inside a Dielectric 2.4. Space and Surface Bound Charges 2.5. Electric Displacement Vector 2.6. Examples of Calculating the Field in Dielectrics 2.7. Conditions on the Interface Between Two Dielectrics 2.8. Forces Acting on a Charge in a Dielectric 2.9. Ferroelectrics 3 CONDUCTORS IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD 3.1. Equilibrium of Charges on a Conductor 3.2. A Conductor in an External Electric Field 3.3. Capacitance 3.4. Capacitors 4 ENERGY OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD 4.1. Energy of a Charged Conductor 4.2. Energy of a Charged Capacitor 4.3. Energy of an Electric Field 5 STEADY ELECTRIC CURRENT 5.1. Electric Current 5.2. Continuity Equation 5.3. Electromotive Force 5.4. Ohm's Law. Resistance of Conductors 5.5. Ohm's Law for an Inhomogeneous Circuit Section 5.6. Multiloop Circuits. Kirchhoff's Rules 5.7. Power of a Current 5.8. The Joule-Lenz Law 6 MAGNETIC FIELD IN A VACUUM 6.1. Interaction of Currents 6.2. Magnetic Field 6.3. Field of a Moving Charge 6.4. The Biot-Savart Law 6.5. The Lorentz Force 6.6. Ampere's Law 6.7. Magnetism as a Relativistic Effect 6.8. Current Loop in a Magnetic Field 6.9. Magnetic Field of a Current Loop 6.10. Work Done When a Current Moves in a Magnetic Field 6.11. Divergence and Curl of a Magnetic Field 6.12. Field of a Solenoid and Toroid 7 MAGNETIC FIELD IN A SUBSTANCE 7.1. Magnetization of a Magnetic 7.2. Magnetic Field Strength 7.3. Calculation of the Field in Magnetics 7.4. Conditions at the Interface of Two Magnetics 7.5. Kinds of Magnetics 7.6. Gyromagnetic Phenomena 7.7. Diamagnetism 7.8. Paramagnetism 7.9. Ferromagnetism 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 8.1. The Phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction 8.2. Induced E.M.F. 8.3. Ways of Measuring the Magnetic Induction 8.4. Eddy Currents 8.5. Self-Induction 8.6. Current When a Circuit Is Opened or Closed 8.7. Mutual Induction 8.8. Energy of a Magnetic Field 8.9. Work in Magnetic Reversal of a Ferromagnetic 9 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS 9.1. Vortex Electric Field 9.2. Displacement Current 9.3. Maxwell's Equations 10 MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 10.1. Motion of a Charged Particle in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field 10.2. Deflection of Moving Charged Particles by an Electric and a Magnetic Field 10.3. Determination of the Charge and Mass of an Electron 10.4. Determination of the Specific Charge of Ions. Mass Spectrographs 10.5. Charged Particle Accelerators 11 THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE OF METALS 11.1. The Nature of Current Carriers in Metals 11.2. The Elementary Classical Theory of Metals 11.3. The Hall Effect 12 ELECTRIC CURRENT IN GASES 12.1. Semi-Self-Sustained and Self-Sustained Conduction 12.2. Semi-Self-Sustained Gas Discharge 12.3. Ionization Chambers and Counters 12.4. Processes Leading to the Appearance of Current Carriers in a Self-Sustained Discharge 12.5. Gas-Discharge Plasma 12.6. Glow Discharge 12.7. Arc Discharge 12.8. Spark and Corona Discharges 13 ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS 13.1. Quasistationary Currents 13.2. Free Oscillations in a Circuit Without a Resistance 13.3. Free Damped Oscillations 13.4. Forced Electrical Oscillations 13.5. Alternating Current PART II WAVES 14 ELASTIC WAVES 14.1. Propagation of Waves in an Elastic Medium 14.2. Equations of a Plane and a Spherical Wave 14.3. Equation of a Plane Wave Propagating in an Arbitrary Direction 14.4. The Wave Equation 14.5. Velocity of Elastic Waves in a Solid Medium 14.6. Energy of an Elastic Wave 14.7. Standing Waves 14.8. Oscillations of a String 14.9. Sound 14.10. The Velocity of Sound in Gases 14.11. The Doppler Effect for Sound Waves 15 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 15.1. The Wave Equation for an Electromagnetic Field 15.2. Plane Electromagnetic Wave 15.3. Experimental Investigation of Electromagnetic Waves 15.4. Energy of Electromagnetic Waves 15.5. Momentum of Electromagnetic Field 15.6. Dipole Emission PART III OPTICS 16 GENERAL 16.1. The Light Wave 16.2. Representation of Harmonic Functions Using Exponents 16.3. Reflection and Refraction of a Plane Wave at the Interface Between Two Dielectrics 16.4. Luminous Flux 16.5. Photometric Quantities and Units 16.6. Geometrical Optics 16.7. Centered Optical System 16.8. Thin Lens 16.9. Huygens' Principle 17 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT 17.1. Interference of Light Waves 17.2. Coherence 17.3. Ways of Observing the Interference of Light 17.4. Interference of Light Reflected from Thin Plates 17.5. The Michelson Interferometer 17.6. Multibeam Interference 18 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Huygens-Fresnel Principle 18.3. Fresnel Zones 18.4. Fresnel Diffraction from Simple Barriers 18.5. Fraunhofer Diffraction from a Slit 18.6. Diffraction Grating 18.7. Diffraction of X-Rays 18.8. Resolving Power of an Objective 18.9. Holography 19 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT 19.1. Natural and Polarized Light 19.2. Polarization in Refiection and Refraction 19.3. Polarization in Double Refraction 19.4. Interference of Polarized Rays 19.5. Passing of Plane-Polarized Light Through a Crystal Plate 19.6. A Crystal Plate Between Two Polarizers 19.7. Artificial Double Refraction 19.8. Rotation of Polarization Plane 20 INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A SUBSTANCE 20.1. Dispersion of Light 20.2. Group Velocity 20.3. Elementary Theory of Dispersion 20.4. Absorption of Light 20.5. Scattering of Light 20.6. The Vavilov-Cerenkov Effect 21 MOVING-MEDIA OPTICS 21.1. The Speed of Light 21.2. Fizeau's Experiment 21.3. Michelson's Experiment 21.4. The Doppler Effect APPENDICES A.1. List of Symbols A.2. Units of Electrical and Magnetic Quantities in the International System (SI) and in the. Gaussian System A.3. Basic Formulas of Electricity and Magnetism in the SI and in the Gaussian System NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX