Pensions at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2013

Description

Pensions are a major policy issue in developed and developing countries alike. However, pension reform is challenging and controversial because it involves long-term planning by governments faced with numerous short-term pressures. It often provokes heated debates and, sometimes, street protests. Countries can learn valuable lessons from others' pension systems and their experiences of retirement-income reforms. However, national pension systems are very complicated, involving much institutional, technical, and legal elements. Consequently, international comparisons are very difficult to under.  Read more... Foreword Table of contents Executive summary Introduction Pensions in Asia/Pacific Table 1. Pensions in Asia/Pacific Figure 1. Replacement rates Pension ages and retirement Figure 2. Expected time in retirement Financial sustainability Figure 3. Required contribution rates Modernising pensions Earnings measures Withdrawals Inflation and indexation Asia's coverage gap Figure 4. Pension coverage Ageing Asia Meeting challenges, making changes Methodology, structure of the report and features of the pension systems Future entitlements under today's parameters and rules Key features of pension system designTable 2. Average annual earnings Table 3. Summary of pension scheme parameters and rules Chapter 1. Retirement-income indicators Gross replacement rates 1.1. Gross replacement rates by earnings, men and women 1.2. Gross replacement rates by earnings, low and average earners Net replacement rates 1.3. Net replacement rates by earnings, men and women 1.4. Net replacement rates by earnings, low and average earners Gross replacement rates with entry at age 30 1.5. Gross replacement rates by earnings: entry at age 30, men and women 1.6. Gross replacement rates by earnings: entry at age 30, low and average earnersGross pension wealth 1.7. Gross pension wealth by earnings, men and women 1.8. Gross pension wealth by earnings, low and average earners Net pension wealth 1.9. Net pension wealth by earnings, men and women 1.10. Gross versus net pension wealth for average earner, men and women Pension earnings link 1.11. The link between pre-retirement earnings and pension entitlements Coverage 1.12. Membership of mandatory pension schemes by population and labour force 1.13. Coverage of mandatory pension schemes by population and labour forceLife expectancy 1.14. Life expectancy at birth, men and women, 2010-15 1.15. Life expectancy at age 65, men and women, 2010-15 and 2060-65 Support ratio 1.16. Old-age support ratio, 2012 and 2052 1.17. Pensioner population projections Chapter 2. Pensions at a glance Asia/Pacific: Economy studies Introduction China China: Pension system in 2012 Key indicators Individual income tax rates (applicable to income from wages and salaries) Pension modelling results: China Alternative economic and career length assumptionsEconomy specific assumptions Hong Kong, China Hong Kong: Pension system in 2012 Key indicators Pension modelling results: Hong kong, China Alternative economic and career length assumptions India India: Pension system in 2012 Key indicators National pension system status, March 2013 Pension modelling results: India Alternative economic and career length assumptions Economy specific assumptions Indonesia Indonesia: Pension system in 2012 Key indicators NSSS Programme and contribution rates as of wages