Human Communication: The Basic Course

Description

This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. For courses in Introduction to Communication A comprehensive overview of the theory, research, and skills of communication Human Communication: The Basic Course provides an in-depth look at the fundamental concepts and principles of human communication. Writing for students with little prior background in the discipline, author Joseph DeVito provides the significant foundation needed for more specialized study of interpersonal, small group, and organizational communication, as well as public speaking. The Fourteenth Edition fully integrates the latest research as well as new examples, exercises, and photos to keep the text current and pedagogically effective. Human Communication: The Basic Course, Fourteenth Edition is also available via Revel™, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience. Cover ......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Brief Contents......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Welcome to Human Communication: The Basic Course......Page 15 1 Fundamentals of Human Communication......Page 22 The Forms of Human Communication......Page 23 The Benefits of Studying Human Communication......Page 25 The Myths of Human Communication......Page 27 Communication Contexts......Page 28 Source–Receiver......Page 29 Noise......Page 30 Communication is Purposeful......Page 31 Communication is Transactional......Page 32 Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions......Page 34 Communication is Ambiguous......Page 35 Communication is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable......Page 37 The Competent Communicator......Page 38 The Competent Communicator is an Effective Code Switcher......Page 39 The Competent Communicator is Culturally Sensitive......Page 40 The Competent Communicator is Media Literate......Page 41 Summary......Page 43 Exercises and Questions......Page 44 2 Culture and Communication......Page 46 The Nature of Culture......Page 47 The Importance of Culture in Communication......Page 48 The Aim of a Cultural Perspective......Page 50 Cultural Differences......Page 52 Highand Low-Context Cultures......Page 53 Masculine and Feminine Cultures......Page 54 Highand Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant Cultures......Page 55 Longand Short-Term Orientation......Page 56 Intercultural Communication......Page 57 The Nature and Forms of Intercultural Communication......Page 58 Improving Intercultural Communication......Page 60 Summary......Page 66 Exercises and Questions......Page 67 3 Perception of Self and Others......Page 69 Self-Concept......Page 70 Self-Awareness......Page 71 Self-Esteem......Page 73 Self-Disclosure......Page 76 Factors Influencing Self-Disclosure......Page 77 The Rewards and Dangers of Self-Disclosure......Page 79 Guidelines for Self-Disclosure......Page 80 Perception......Page 81 Stage 2: Organization......Page 82 Stage 3: Interpretation–Evaluation......Page 83 Stage 4: Memory......Page 84 Impression Formation Processes......Page 85 Increasing Accuracy in Impression Formation......Page 89 Managing Impressions......Page 90 To Be Liked: Affinity-Seeking and Politeness Strategies......Page 91 To Excuse Failure: Self-Handicapping Strategies......Page 92 To Secure Help: Self-Deprecating Strategies......Page 93 To Confirm Self-Image: Image-Confirming Strategies......Page 94 Summary......Page 95 Exercises and Questions......Page 96 4 Listening in Human Communication......Page 99 The Importance of Listening......Page 100 The Process of Listening......Page 101 Premature Judgement......Page 106 Styles of Effective Listening......Page 108 Polite Listening......Page 109 Active Listening......Page 111 Culture and Listening......Page 113 Gender and Listening......Page 114 Key Terms......Page 116 Exercises and Questions......Page 117 5 Verbal Messages......Page 119 Meanings Are Both Denotative and Connotative......Page 120 Meanings Depend on Context......Page 121 Messages Vary in Politeness......Page 122 Messages Vary in Assertiveness......Page 123 Messages Can Decieve......Page 124 Racism......Page 127 Heterosexism......Page 128 Ageism......Page 129 Cultural Identifiers......Page 130 Intensional Orientation......Page 132 Fact–Inference Confusion......Page 133 Static Evaluation......Page 134 Polarization......Page 135 Key Terms......Page 136 Exercises and Questions......Page 137 6 Nonverbal Messages......Page 139 The Principles of Nonverbal Communication......Page 140 Nonverbal Messages Help Manage Impressions......Page 141 Nonverbal Messages Help Form Relationships......Page 142 Nonverbal Messages Can Influence and Deceive......Page 143 Body Communication......Page 144 Facial Communication......Page 145 Eye Communication......Page 147 Space Communication......Page 148 Artifactual Communication......Page 150 Touch Communication......Page 152 Silence......Page 153 Time Communication......Page 154 Smell Communication......Page 156 Facial Expression and Culture......Page 157 Colors and Culture......Page 158 Paralanguage, Silence, and Culture......Page 159 Encoding Skills......Page 160 Decoding Skills......Page 161 Summary......Page 163 Exercises and Questions......Page 164 7 Interpersonal Communication and Conversation......Page 166 The Interpersonal Continuum......Page 167 The Stages of Conversation......Page 168 The Principle of Turn-Taking......Page 169 The Principle of Dialogue......Page 170 The Principle of Immediacy......Page 171 The Principle of Politeness: Conversation is (Usually) Polite......Page 172 Making Small Talk......Page 174 Introducing People......Page 176 Making Excuses......Page 178 Apologizing......Page 179 Giving and Receiving Compliments......Page 181 Giving and Receiving Advice......Page 183 Key Terms......Page 186 Exercises and Questions......Page 187 8 Interpersonal Relationship Stages and Theories......Page 189 Advantages and Disadvantages of Interpersonal Relationships......Page 190 Contact......Page 192 Attraction Theory......Page 197 Relationship Rules Theory......Page 199 Relationship Dialectics Theory......Page 201 Social Exchange Theory......Page 202 Equity Theory......Page 203 Jealousy......Page 205 Relationship Violence......Page 206 Summary......Page 208 Exercises and Questions......Page 209 9 Friends, Lovers, and Families......Page 211 Friends with Benefits......Page 212 Friendship and Communication......Page 213 Friendships, Culture, Gender, and Technology......Page 215 Love Types......Page 216 Love, Culture, Gender, and Technology......Page 218 Families......Page 220 Couple and Family Types......Page 221 Family Characteristics......Page 223 Families, Culture, Gender, and Technology......Page 224 Summary......Page 226 Exercises and Questions......Page 227 10 Small Group Communication......Page 229 The Team......Page 230 Advantages and Disadvantages of Groups......Page 231 Small Group Stages......Page 233 Small Group Formats......Page 234 Small Group Culture......Page 235 Small Group Power......Page 237 Brainstorming Groups......Page 239 Problem-Solving Groups......Page 240 The Problem-Solving Sequence......Page 241 Problem-Solving Groups at Work......Page 244 Summary......Page 246 Exercises and Questions......Page 247 11 Members and Leaders......Page 248 Member Roles......Page 249 Member Functions and Skills......Page 251 Leadership in Small Group Communication......Page 253 Approaches to Leadership......Page 254 Functions and Skills of Leadership......Page 257 Individualism and Collectivism......Page 259 Leadership Style......Page 260 Key Terms......Page 262 Exercises and Questions......Page 263 12 Human Communication in the Workplace: Organizational Communication......Page 264 The Nature of an Organization......Page 265 Characteristics of Organizations......Page 266 Formal Communication......Page 270 Informal Organizational Communication: The Grapevine......Page 272 Communication Networks......Page 273 Information Isolation......Page 274 Mentoring......Page 275 Networking......Page 276 Bullying......Page 277 Sexual Harassment......Page 278 Organizational Relationship Competence......Page 279 Summary......Page 281 Exercises and Questions......Page 282 13 Interpersonal, Group, and Workplace Conflict......Page 284 The Nature of Interpersonal Conflict......Page 285 Online and Workplace Conflicts......Page 286 Conflict Can Center on Content and Relationship Issues......Page 287 Conflict Can Be Negative or Positive......Page 289 Conflict Styles Have Consequences......Page 290 Preliminaries to Conflict Management......Page 292 Influences on Your Choice of Conflict Strategies......Page 293 The Stages of Conflict Management......Page 294 Ten Conflict Management Strategies......Page 295 Force and Talk......Page 296 Manipulation and Spontaneity......Page 297 Fighting Below and Above the Belt......Page 298 Face-Detracting and Face-Dnhancing Strategies......Page 299 Key Terms......Page 301 Exercises and Questions......Page 302 14 Public Speaking Topics, Audiences, and Research......Page 303 Introducing Public Speaking......Page 304 The Benefits of Public Speaking......Page 305 Managing Your Apprehension......Page 306 Finding Topics......Page 310 Limiting Topics......Page 311 Your Purposes......Page 312 Your Thesis......Page 313 Analyzing the Sociology of the Audience......Page 316 Analyzing the Psychology of the Audience......Page 317 Step 3: Research Your Topic......Page 319 Sources of Information......Page 320 Integrating and Citing Research......Page 324 Key Terms......Page 328 Exercises and Questions......Page 329 15 Supporting and Organizing Your Speech......Page 330 Examples, Illustrations, and Narratives......Page 331 Definitions......Page 332 Testimony......Page 333 Numerical Data......Page 334 Presentation Aids......Page 335 Step 5: Develop Your Main Points......Page 343 Step 6: Organize Your Speech Materials......Page 344 Problem–Solution Pattern......Page 345 Comparison and Contrast Pattern......Page 346 Fiction–Fact Pattern......Page 347 Introduction......Page 348 Conclusion......Page 350 Pitfalls in Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions......Page 353 Constructing the Outline......Page 354 Sample Outlines......Page 355 Key Terms......Page 361 Exercises and Questions......Page 362 16 Style and Delivery in Public Speaking......Page 363 Choosing Words......Page 364 Step 9: Rehearse Your Speech......Page 369 Incorporate Changes and Make Delivery Notes......Page 370 Step 10: Present Your Speech......Page 371 Methods of Presentation......Page 372 Strategies of Presentation......Page 373 Voice......Page 374 Body Action......Page 375 Handling Audience Questions......Page 376 Culture and Criticism......Page 378 Guidelines for Criticizing More Effectively......Page 380 Summary......Page 382 Exercises and Questions......Page 383 17 The Informative Speech......Page 385 Adjust the Level of Complexity......Page 386 Relate New Information to Old......Page 387 Make Your Speech Easy to Remember......Page 388 Organization......Page 390 Thesis and Main Points......Page 392 Organization......Page 393 Support......Page 394 Organization......Page 395 The Speech of Presentation or Acceptance......Page 396 The Toast......Page 397 Exercises and Questions......Page 398 18 The Persuasive Speech......Page 400 Focus on Your Audience......Page 401 Ask for Reasonable Amounts of Change......Page 402 Follow a Motivated Sequence......Page 403 Logical Proof (Logos)......Page 407 Emotional Proof (Pathos)......Page 409 Credibility Proof (Ethos)......Page 411 Support......Page 415 Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value......Page 416 Thesis and Main Points......Page 417 Organization......Page 418 The Speech to Secure Goodwill......Page 419 The Speech of Inspiration......Page 420 Summary......Page 422 Exercises and Questions......Page 423 Appendix of Speeches: Public Speaking Sample Assistants......Page 424 Glossary......Page 443 References......Page 457 Index......Page 477 Credits......Page 496