Mosque Architecture: A Transdisciplinary Debate

Description

Against a backdrop of environmental and societal concerns, best captured by the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this book brings together the leading voices on Mosque architecture to make a case for its role as a purveyor of culture, heritage, and sustainability in the modern world. The Mosque, as an institution, continues to serve as the epicenter of spiritual, moral, and cultural life in Muslim societies. Recognizing that the popular understanding of Muslim culture and archetypes is, at best, minimal among the broader public worldwide, this book has two objectives: i.e., (i) to explore Masjid  architecture as a carrier of culture, heritage, and the sustainability of Muslim communities; and (ii) to offer a bias-free introduction to the intricacies of Muslim architecture, culture, and heritage today. The papers featured in this collection were presented at the 5th Memaryat International Conference (MIC), held at Effat University, Jeddah. The MIC’s objective is to build bridges between research communities engaged with diverse aspects of science, technology, and innovation, seen as the key levers for attaining the SDGs. Conference Organization Conference Chair Steering Committee Conference and Exhibition Manager Scientific Committee Organizing Committee International Scientific Committee Preface Contents 1 Contextualizing the Discussion on Mosque Architecture in Today’s World Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Structure of the Book 3 By Means of Conclusions: Restating the Present and Looking Ahead Trends and Developments in Contemporary Mosque Architecture 2 Modern Trends in Mosques Architecture Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Building Mass 2.2 Unobstructed and Attractive Interior 2.3 Daylighting 3 Conclusion References 3 Financing Mosque Maintenance in Muslim-Minority Communities Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Definitions of Minority 2.1 The Islamic Cultural Centre, Ireland (ICCI) 3 A Review of Funding Sources in Islam 4 Fundraising for Mosque Maintenance Programs 4.1 Internal Sources 4.2 External Fundraising 4.3 Income from Adjoining Uses 5 Mosque Maintenance in Muslim-Minority Communities 6 Mosque Process Optimization 7 Conclusion References 4 Meaning Behind the Inspiration from Nature in Mosque Design: The Old and The New Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Islamic Decoration Modes 3 Structural and Decorative Techniques in Islamic Architecture 3.1 Girih 3.2 Naqsh 4 Inspiration from Nature in Islamic Art and Architecture 4.1 Light 4.2 Water 4.3 Tree 5 Analysis and Discussion of a Selected Old Mosque 6 Analysis of Selected New Mosques 6.1 Mosque 99 Cahaya, Indonesia 6.2 Basuna Mosque, Suhag, Egypt 7 Discussion and Comparison 8 Conclusion and Recommendation References The Mosques and the Society 5 A Cross-Sectoral Analysis of the Identity Conflict in the Arab Primate Cities: The Case of the Jeddah Mosques Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Aims 2.1 Urban System Imbalances 2.2 Cultural Identity Change 3 The Crises of the Cultural-Landscape Identity of Jeddah 3.1 Cultural Identity Change 3.2 Jeddah’s Architectural Configuration Discrepancy 4 Conclusion References 6 Encouraging Social Inclusivity Across Faiths: The Case of Mosques and Churches in Kuala Lumpur Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Study 3 Objectives and Methodology 4 Justification for Evaluation Criteria 5 Brief Background on Two Mosques and Two Churches in KL 6 Finding of Research 7 Conclusion References Advances in Mosques’ Design and Architecture 8 Changes in Mosques’ Architecture Design Between Functionalism and Symbolism Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Historical Background of Mosques Architecture 3 Using the Relation Between the Essence of Islam and Architecture of the Mosque (Essence of Islamic Architecture) 4 Mosques Architecture Between Functional and Symbolic 5 Conclusion References 9 Indoor Thermal Comfort: The Case of Masjid Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin (Putrajaya, Malaysia) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Research Background 3.1 Thermal Comfort in the Malay Vernacular Masjid and Its Relationship to Climate 3.2 Elements and Techniques of Passive Design Strategies for Indoor Thermal Comfort 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Case Study 4.2 Findings 5 Conclusion References 10 The Impact of Revival of Traditional Lighting Techniques in Modern and Contemporary Mosque Design Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Problem 2.1 Research Goal 3 Defining the Mosque 4 Day Lighting Devices in Old Historic Mosques 5 Conclusion References 11 Mitigating the Contradiction of the Climatically Best Orientation and the Qibla Direction of Mosques Abstract 1 Introduction and Research Background 2 Research Problem and Hypothesis 3 Research Methodology 4 Climate Analysis 5 Simulation Experiments 6 Research Problem and Hypothesis 7 Conclusion References 12 Lighting the Mosques: The Needs and the Applications Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Aim and Objectives 3 Previous Work 3.1 Pendentive Dome 3.1.1 Case Study (Orhan Gazi Mosque) 3.2 The Lantern “Shukhshikha” 3.2.1 Case Study (Abu El Abbas Mosque) 3.3 Al Mashrabiya 3.3.1 Case Study (Baeshen House) 3.4 Artificial Light (Requirements and Lighting Techniques) 3.4.1 Mosque Sample 3.4.2 Types of Artificial Lighting Design Options 4 Conclusion References 13 Beauty and Order in Contemporary Work of Abdel Wahed El Wakil. The Case of Jeddah Mosques Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Review 4 The Approach of Analysis for the Mosque Architecture 4.1 Beauty and Scale 4.2 Beauty and Wholeness 4.3 Beauty and Individuality 4.4 Beauty as Being Objective and Subjective 5 Case Studies: Analysis of Abdel Wahed Al Wakil’s Mosques in Jeddah 5.1 King Saud Mosque 5.2 Island Mosque 5.3 Al-Ruwais Mosque 6 Results and Conclusion References The Influence of Mosques on the Urban Fabric 14 A Novel Approach to the Optimization of the Spatial Distribution of Mosques Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Map Conversion 3.2 Optimization Model 4 Proof of Concept 5 Results and Conclusions References 15 The Role of Placemaking in Elevating the Spiritual Experience: The Case of Masjid Al-Haram in Makkah Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Placemaking Model: An Attempt to Develop a Model for Placemaking Spiritual Sites 3 Adapted Placemaking Model for Spiritual Sites 3.1 Model Attributes 3.2 Model Structure 3.3 Model Hierarchy 4 Model Application (The Case of Masjid Al-Haram, Makkah) 4.1 Case-Study Exploration 4.2 Placemaking Analysis 4.3 Selected Site 4.4 Placemaking Matrix Application 4.5 Spatial Analysis 5 Concluding Remarks References 16 Urbanism of the Neighborhood Mosque Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Social Aspects of the Mosque 2.1 Reflecting Society Moral Beliefs 2.2 An Administrative Institution 2.3 An Educational Institution 2.4 A Community Space 2.5 A Place of Trade 3 Urbanism of Mosques 3.1 The Mosque in Relation to the City 3.2 The City in Relation to the Mosque 4 Conclusion References 17 Pattern and Form Language as Constituents of the Mosque Architecture Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 The Tangible and Intangible Elements of Mosque Architecture 4 Patterns in Mosque Architecture 4.1 Mosque Main Entrance 4.2 Arcades 4.3 Connection to the Earth 4.4 Livable Courtyards 4.5 Connection to Sky 4.6 Ornamentation 4.7 Light Penetration 4.8 Warm Colors 4.9 Openness 4.10 Social Aspect 5 Method 6 Case Study Analysis 6.1 King Saud Mosque 6.2 King Fahad Mosque 6.3 KAPSARC Riyadh 7 Discussion and Findings 8 Conclusion References