Cities of the Future: Challenges and Opportunities

Description

​This book seeks to address the key challenges and opportunities of "future cities" embracing novel approaches and grounded technologies in pursuing a vision for smart, inclusive cities. The objective of this book is to discuss multiple areas at the local, national, and international levels and how these challenges can hinder the development objectives planned to be achieved by the cities of the future. The chapters featured in this collection were presented at the 6th Memaryat International Conference (MIC 2022), held at the Effat University, Jeddah. MIC’s objective is to build bridges between science, technology, and innovation, seen as the key levers of attaining the SDGs. This book provides the most innovative ideas presented at the conference to address the key manifestation of “future cities" to embrace novel approaches and grounded technologies in the pursue of a vision for smart inclusive cities. It thus represents a platform for diverse contributions from academics and practitioners to present their different perspectives addressed theoretically as well as in practice concerning the challenges and opportunities of future cities. This includes contributions from decision-makers, architects, urban planners, urban designers, entrepreneurs, and educators to stimulate discussion covering the latest on the challenges and opportunities for better future cities in the different domains of architecture, building science and technology, environmental design, mobility & infrastructure, urban design & landscape, housing & real estate developments, urban planning, governance, socio-cultural & economic development, community engagement, tourism and heritage revitalization. Conference Organization Preface Acknowledgements Contents Introduction 1 Introduction 2 The Structure of the Book 2.1 Part I: Future of Saudi Cities 2.2 Part II: Smart Inclusive and Livable Cities 2.3 Part III: Smart Environmental Solutions 3 Conclusion References Future of Saudi Cities Understanding the Role of Innovative Policies and Strategies on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Among Food Handlers Impacted During Pandemic of Covid-19 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Awareness of Food Handlers to the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) 3 Methodology 3.1 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Rijal Almaa and Local Tourism in Saudi Arabia 1 Introduction 1.1 Challenges Faced 1.2 Principles of Historical Sites Revitalization 1.3 Methods 1.4 Case Study: My Bayut- Heritage Village Abu Dhabi- United Emirates 2 Empirical Case Study 2.1 Site Analysis 2.2 Data Collection Tools 2.3 Data Analysis 2.4 Discussion of Findings 3 Conclusion References The Future of the City: Towards Establishing Intelligent Cities 1 Introduction 2 Methods of Research 2.1 Aim of Research 2.2 Methodology of Research 3 Definition of Smart City 4 Importance of Smart City 4.1 Aims of Smart Cities 4.2 Challenges of Smart Cities 5 How Smart Cities Work 5.1 Smart Cities and Sustainability 6 International Case Studies 6.1 Case Study 1: Singapore, Republic of Singapore (Table 1) 6.2 Case Study 2: Atlanta (Table 2) 7 Towards Establishing Intelligent Cities 7.1 Start a Smart City Project 7.2 Using Technologies and Their Capabilities 8 Conclusion References Strategic Development Plan Proposed for the Future City NEOM 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 NEOM Project 4 Optimal Utilization of Neom Area Resources 4.1 The Distinctive Location of the Future City NEOM 4.2 Economic Aspects of Local Communities 4.3 Branding NEOM as the Future City with Advanced Technology 5 The Proposal: A Comprehensive Strategic Plan for the Neom Area 5.1 Neom Structural Plan Concept 6 Conclusion References The Social Development of Neglected Open Space: The Case of Jeddah City, (A Critical Review) 1 Introduction 2 Neglected Open Space Definition and Types and Characteristics 2.1 Categories of Urban Voids 3 Characteristics of Neglected Open Space (NOS) 4 Theories and Approaches to Develop Neglected Open Space 4.1 Gehl’s Approach 4.2 Jane Jacob Approach 4.3 Placemaking (PM) 4.4 Tactical Urbanism (TU) 4.5 Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) 4.6 New Urbanism (NU) 5 The Social Principles to Develop Neglected Open Space (NOS) 6 Conclusion References 7 Reviving the Identity of Jeddah City Through Revitalizing the “Souq” in Al-Balad Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Old Souqs 2.1 Souqs in the Islamic World Within the Urban Fabric 2.2 Main Factors Affecting the Livability of Old Souqs 2.3 Overview of Jeddah Historical Area and the Souq Development 3 Analytical Case Studies 3.1 Case Study 1: Souq Waqif Challenges in Revitalizing Souq Waqif (Case Studies) 3.2 Case Study 2: Bab-Al-Bahrain Souq Renovation of Bab-Al-Bahrain Souq (Case Studies) 3.3 Comparison Between Case Studies 4 Empirical Case Study 4.1 Data Collection Method 4.2 Historical Background 4.3 Site Analysis Accessibility Landmarks Urban Analysis Governmental Plans 5 Discussion of Findings 5.1 Site Reconnaissance 5.2 On-Site Questionnaire Demographic Characteristics Souq Livability 5.3 Discussion of Findings 6 Conclusion References Smart Inclusive and Livable Cities Promoting Social Interaction Through Jeddah’s Neighborhood Parks Design 1 Research Problem 2 Neighborhood Parks Design Principles and Attributes 3 Research Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 6 Future Work References Historic Significance and the Urban Ambiance of Public Open Spaces “Barahat” in Old Jeddah 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Historic Significance 2.2 Ambiance 2.3 Framework 3 Methods 3.1 Online Questionnaires 3.2 On-Site Observation 3.3 Study Area 4 Analysis 4.1 Questionnaire Analysis 4.2 Framework Analysis 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Results 5.2 Discussion 6 Conclusion References What Factors Affect Livability? A Theoretical Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Livability Concept and Definition 2.2 Livability Concept and Definitions 2.3 Livable Cities: Indicators and Global Ranking 2.4 Urban Livability 3 Preliminary Framework of Livability Factors 3.1 Society (Social Well-Being) Factors 3.2 Economic Factors 3.3 Environment Factors 4 Conclusion References Modeling Tactical Urbanism: A Contemporary Approach for Urban Regeneration 1 Introduction 2 Temporary Tactical Urbanism 3 Outdoor Public Events as a Temporary Development Tool 3.1 Chronological Evolution of Outdoor Events in Cities’ Public Spaces 3.2 Local Events Typology 4 Key Criteria for Revitalizing Public Spaces 4.1 Successful Public Spaces Versus Successful Events 5 Discussion 5.1 The Framework Process 5.2 The Final Framework 6 Conclusion References Child-Friendly Open Spaces: Towards Safety in Residential Neighborhoods 1 Introduction 2 Principles of Safe Child-Friendly Neighborhoods 3 Social Safety 3.1 Urban Wayfinding 3.2 CPTED Strategies 4 Traffic Safety 4.1 Speed and Traffic Flow 4.2 Size and Layout of Streets 4.3 Traffic Calming Measures 4.4 Promoting Sustainable Mobility (Active Transport) 5 Principles of Safe Child-Friendly Open Spaces 5.1 Case Study: Child-Friendly Neighborhood at Princess Nora University in Riyadh 6 Remarks and Conclusion References Smart Environmental Solutions Role of Literature in Environmental Conservation Towards Better Future: A Critical Analysis of the Poetry of Sheikh ul-Alam 1 Introduction 2 Concept of Eco-criticism 3 Sheikh Noor-ud-Din as an Ecologist 4 Sheikh Noor-ud-Din as an Environmentalist 5 Sheikh Noor-ud-Din as a Conservationist 6 Conclusion References Development Priorities of Housing Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Environmental Sustainability 3.2 Economic Sustainability 3.3 Social Sustainability 3.4 SWOT Analysis 4 Conclusion References Investigating the Effect of Urban Form on Heat Island Phenomena: Case Study of Jeddah, KSA 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Case Studies 3.1 Zone One: Al-Balad 3.2 Zone Two: Al Basateen 4 Result and Analysis 4.1 Micro-climate of Al-Balad 4.2 Micro-climate of Al-Basateen 4.3 The Characteristic of the Urban Planning of Al-Balad 4.4 The Characteristic of the Urban Planning of Al-Basateen 4.5 Comparison Between Al-Balad, and Al-Basateen in Terms of Different Micro-climates 4.6 Factors Impacting on UHI in Al-Balad and Al-Basateen 5 Solutions for the Urban Heat Island 5.1 Use of Light-Coloured Concrete and White Roofs 5.2 Green Roofs and Vegetation Cover 5.3 Planting Trees in Cities 5.4 Green Parking Lots 5.5 Implementation and Sensitization of Heat Reduction Policies and Rules 6 Conclusion References Sick Neighborhood Syndromes in Hot Dry Climate 1 Introduction 2 Neighborhood Problems 2.1 Neighborhood Disadvantage 2.2 Neighborhood Decline 2.3 Neighborhood Disorder 2.4 Comparison and Criticism 3 The Effect of Buildings on the Neighborhood Performance 4 Sick Building Syndromes 5 The Influence Heat Island on Health 6 The Relationship Between Design Principles and Sick Syndrome 6.1 Building 6.2 Street 6.3 Open Spaces and Vegetation 7 Conclusion References