Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 5: Therapeutic Applications in Disease and Injury

Description

It is pointed out that a cancer stem cell is a type within a tumor that possesses the capacity of self-renewal and can give rise to the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells, which comprise the tumor. It is emphasized that a unique feature of cancer stem cells is that, although conventional chemotherapy kills most cells in a tumor, cancer stem cells remain intact. Vast applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: embryonic stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, arterial stem cells, neural stem cells, cardiac stem cells, dental stem cells, limbal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Because human embryonic stem cells possess the potential to produce unlimited quantities of any human cell type, considerable focus is placed on their therapeutic potential in this volume. These cells are used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacological and toxicological studies, and fundamental studies of cell differentiation. It is pointed out that the formation of embryoid bodies, which are three-dimensional aggregates of embryonic cells, is the initial step in the differentiation of these cells. Therapeutic implications of signalling pathways in cancer stem cells are pointed out. Targeting self-renewal pathways in cancer stem cells are also included. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for treating ischemic brain injury is explained. Neural stem cells proliferation into the surrounding area of the traumatic brain injury is explained. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Signaling Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Implications....Pages 3-11 Inhibition of Telomerase with Imetelstat Causes Depletion of Cancer Stem Cells....Pages 13-24 Targeting Self-renewal Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells....Pages 25-36 Detection of Cancer Stem Cells Using AC133 Antibody....Pages 37-43 Front Matter....Pages 45-45 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Traumatic Injury and Stem-Cell Therapy....Pages 47-58 Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Surrounding the Area of Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Exercise Therapy....Pages 59-72 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Ischemic Brain Injury....Pages 73-83 Role of Neuropeptide Y on the Maintenance of Self-renewal and Proliferation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells....Pages 85-91 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes....Pages 95-102 Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: Arterial Cells-Stem Cells Transplantation....Pages 103-108 Cardiac Stem Cells Derived from Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of the Epicardial Cells: Role in Heart Regeneration (Method)....Pages 109-115 Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Ischaemic Stroke: Translation to the Clinic?....Pages 117-127 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Bone Reconstruction Utilizing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets for Cell Delivery....Pages 131-135 Dental Implants Application Using Tissue Engineering Technology....Pages 137-147 Dental Stem Cells: Regeneration of Dentin Upon Tooth Injury....Pages 149-159 Scaffolds for Human Dental Stem Cells to Regenerate Cementum....Pages 161-170 Front Matter....Pages 171-171 Eye Disorders Caused by Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency....Pages 173-188 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Current Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection....Pages 191-200 Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts into Pluripotent Cells: Role of Lentiviral Mediated Transcription Factors....Pages 201-211 Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Transplantation....Pages 213-219 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Cytomegalovirus Infection After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children....Pages 221-229 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 Monolayer Culture Condition for Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation into Neural Crest Cells (Method)....Pages 233-240 Pro-angiogenic Properties of the Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells....Pages 241-248 Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells: Role of FGFs....Pages 249-256 Neural Stem Cells Differentiated from Embryonic Stem Cells: Proteomic Identification of Expressed Genes....Pages 257-266 Front Matter....Pages 267-267 Chondrogenesis from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Role of Culture Conditions....Pages 269-280 Urethral Tissue Engineering Using Urine-Derived Stem Cells....Pages 281-286 Chondrocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Tissue Engineering and in the Regenerative Therapy of Joint Diseases....Pages 287-293 Back Matter....Pages 295-309