Advances in Water Resource Planning and Sustainability

Description

Sustainable water resources planning deals with the interface of water resources science and the needs of human populations. It highlights works that addresses practical methods and basic research in, for example: quantity and quality management of groundwater and surface water resources; sustainability of water resources and water availability; water use and reuse including managed aquifer recharge and storage; geopolitical and socio-economic aspects of water resource management; water development and human activity impacts on ecological systems and human health, including, for instance, agricultural and climatic impacts, subsurface waste storage and injection, geothermal energy development and subsurface energy storage. This book provides up-to-date systematic and scientific analyses of such water problems and suggests sustainable measures to overcome them through effective surface and sub-surface water resource management. It is immensely valuable to students, researchers, water resource managers, hydrologists and all those who are engaged or interested in any aspect of river water conservation and management of water resources. Contents 1 Remote Sensing in Water Resource Monitoring a Comprehensive Review on Monitoring the Quality and Quantity of the Water Resources Using Remote Sensing Applications 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of Remote Sensing 1.3 Revolution of Remote Sensing and Its Application to the Water Resource Management 1.4 Surface Water Monitoring 1.5 Groundwater Monitoring 1.6 Water Quality Monitoring 1.7 Water Crisis and Consequences 1.8 Selected Countries and Development in Remote Sensing 1.9 Future Suggestions and Research Gap 1.10 Conclusion References 2 Assessment of Vegetation Dynamics of Paddy Crop Using “TIMESAT” and Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Command Areas 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Study Area 2.3 Methodology 2.4 Data Processing 2.5 Result and Discussion 2.6 Conclusion References 3 Assessment of River Water Dynamics and Optically Active Water Quality Parameters Over Punjab, Based on Cloud Computing Approach 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Study Area 3.3 Materials and Methodology 3.3.1 Field Data Collection 3.3.2 Remote Sensing Data Collections 3.4 Results and Discussion 3.4.1 Landsat Satellite Data Derived Different Facets of River Water Dynamics 3.4.2 Sentinel-2 Satellite Derived Optically Active Water Quality Parameters of River Water 3.5 Conclusion References 4 Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Its Impact on 2021 Chiplun Flood, Maharashtra, India 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Study Area 4.3 Materials and Methods 4.4 Signature Creation 4.5 Results and Discussion 4.6 The Main Causal Factor of Flood in Chiplun City 4.7 Conclusions References 5 Flood Disaster Hazards: A State-of-the-Art Review of Causes, Impacts, and Monitoring 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Floods 5.2.1 Causes of Flood 5.2.2 Types of Floods 5.3 Impact of Floods 5.4 Disaster Risk Awareness 5.5 Taxonomy of Disaster Management 5.5.1 Preparedness and Resilience Measures for Flooding Disasters 5.5.2 Strategies and Technologies for Improved Flood Disaster Management 5.5.3 Early Warning Systems 5.5.4 Methods for Preventing Flood Disasters 5.5.5 Flood Disaster Adaptation Strategies 5.5.6 Flood Disaster Management Monitoring, Assessment, and Management 5.5.7 Sustainable Flood Management 5.6 Technological Developments in Managing Flood Disasters 5.6.1 Disaster Management Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 5.6.2 Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) for Managing Flood Disasters 5.6.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Managing Flood Disasters 5.6.4 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Managing Flood Disasters 5.7 Conclusion References 6 Impact of Land Use Systems and Climate Change on Water Resources: Indian Perspectives 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Major Threats to Water Resources 6.3 Effects of Land Use and Climate Changes on Water Resources 6.4 Mitigation Measures and Sustainable Water Management Practices 6.5 Recommendations and Future Research Prospects 6.6 Conclusions References 7 Seawater Intrusion Mapping Along Penneru River Delta Area, SPS Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh—A Case Study 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Study Area 7.3 Materials and Methods 7.4 Analytical Procedure 7.5 Spatial Interpolation Methods 7.6 Results and Discussion 7.7 Physical Parameters 7.7.1 PH 7.7.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 7.7.3 Electrical Conductivity (EC) 7.7.4 Bicarbonate (HCO3) 7.7.5 Chloride (Cl−) 7.7.6 Calcium (Ca2+) 7.7.7 Magnesium (Mg2+) 7.7.8 Sulfate (SO42−) 7.7.9 Potassium (K+) 7.7.10 Total Hardness (TH) 7.8 Piper Trilinear Diagram 7.9 Common Indicators of SWI 7.9.1 Ca/Mg Ratio 7.9.2 Cl/(CO3 + HCO3) Ratio 7.9.3 Na/Cl Ratio 7.9.4 Seawater Mixing Index (SMI) 7.9.5 Integrated Groundwater Quality 7.9.6 Conclusion References 8 Flood Detection and Flood Mapping Using Multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Data 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Flood and Flood Risk 8.1.2 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Flood Monitoring 8.2 Study Area 8.3 Data Used 8.3.1 A Brief Detail of Sentinel-2A 8.4 Methodology 8.4.1 Flood Hazard Zonation Map 8.4.2 Pre-processing of Image 8.4.3 Flood Inundation Map 8.4.4 Pre-processing 8.4.5 Manual Thresholding and Water Delineation 8.5 Results and Discussions 8.5.1 Land Use/Land Cover 8.5.2 Flood Hazard Zone 8.5.3 Flood Inundation 8.6 Conclusion References 9 Climate Change and Its Impact 9.1 Background 9.1.1 Surface Water and GroundWater Resources 9.2 Impacts of Climate Change 9.3 Impact of Rivers in Moderating the Climate of Nearby Regions 9.4 Impact of Climate Change on Rivers 9.5 Impacts on Regional and Global Community 9.6 Rising Sea Levels Due to Climate Change 9.7 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG):13—A Target on Climate Action 9.8 Climate Action: Executions by UN Environment Programme 9.9 Conclusions References 10 Impact of Land Use Changes on Water Resource: Assessment Through Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Land Use 10.3 Water Resources 10.4 Impact of LULC Changes on Water Resources 10.5 Impact on Surface Water 10.6 Impact on Groundwater 10.7 Use of Remote Sensing for Assessment of the Impact of Land Use 10.7.1 Active Remote Sensing 10.7.2 Passive Remote Sensing 10.8 Conclusion References 11 Vulnerability to Climate Change in Different Sectors of Lug Valley, Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Study Area 11.3 Methodology 11.3.1 Identification and Selection of Indicators 11.3.2 Data Collection 11.3.3 Quantifying, Normalization, Allocation of Weights, and Vulnerability Indices Estimation 11.4 Results and Discussions 11.5 Agricultural and Horticultural Vulnerability and Adaptive Measures 11.6 Water Resources and Mitigation Measure 11.7 Forest Resources Vulnerability and Adaptive Measure 11.8 Vulnerability Indices 11.9 Conclusion Suggestions and Recommendations References 12 Assessment of Groundwater Level and Fluctuations Using Geospatial Techniques in Nambiyar Watershed, South India 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Study Area 12.3 Geology 12.4 Land Use/Land Cover 12.5 Rainfall 12.6 Soil Texture 12.7 Materials and Methods 12.8 Results and Discussions 12.9 Groundwater Utilisation Pattern 12.10 Spatial Pattern of Groundwater Level 12.11 Temporal Pattern of Groundwater Level 12.12 Conclusions References 13 River Flood Monitoring and Management: A Review 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Flood Monitoring and Warning Systems 13.2.1 Classification of FMWS 13.2.2 There Are a Few Basic Categories into Which Alerts Are Divided 13.2.3 Typical Flood Warning System 13.3 The Most Recent Advancements in Image Processing for Managing Floods in a Post-disaster Situation 13.4 Flood Management 13.4.1 Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing for Disaster Management 13.4.2 Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) for Managing Flood Disasters 13.4.3 Flood Management Using Machine Learning 13.4.4 Flood Management Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 13.4.5 Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Flood Management 13.5 Conclusion References 14 Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation-A Case Study of West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Study Area 14.2 Material and Methods 14.2.1 Analysis of Groundwater 14.2.2 Kelley’s Ratio 14.2.3 Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) 14.2.4 Permeability Index 14.2.5 Statistical Analysis and Mapping 14.3 Results and Discussion 14.3.1 pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) 14.3.2 Ionic Composition 14.3.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 14.3.4 Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) 14.3.5 Ionic Correlation Studies 14.3.6 Classification of Groundwater Class 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Interactions of Hydrological Parameters and the Effects on Perennial Riverbanks of the Indo-Bhutan Region in Eastern Himalaya 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Study Area 15.3 Objective 15.4 Database and Methodology 15.4.1 Database 15.4.2 Methodology 15.4.3 Results and Discussion 15.5 Conclusion 15.6 Declaration References 16 Ecosystem Services in the Riverine Landscapes 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Riverine Landscapes 16.3 Ecosystem Services of Riverine Landscapes 16.3.1 Provisioning Services 16.3.2 Regulating Services 16.3.3 Cultural Services 16.3.4 Supporting Services 16.4 Ecosystem Services of Different Elements of Riverine Landscapes 16.5 Assessment of Riverine Ecosystem Services 16.5.1 Approaches to Assess Ecosystem Services 16.5.2 Ecosystem Services Mapping and Modeling Tools 16.5.3 Significance of Ecosystem Services Assessment 16.6 Conclusion References 17 Evaluation of Morphometric Analysis of Kharag River Basin, Odisha Using Geospatial Techniques 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Study Area 17.3 Materials and Methods 17.4 Results and Discussions 17.4.1 Linear Aspects 17.4.2 Stream Order (Sμ) 17.4.3 Stream Number (Nμ) 17.4.4 Stream Length (Lμ) 17.4.5 Stream Length Ratio (Lur) 17.4.6 Length of Overland Flow (Lg) 17.4.7 Bifurcation Ratio (Rb) 17.4.8 Areal Parameters 17.4.9 Stream Frequency (SF) 17.4.10 Drainage Density (Dd) 17.4.11 Drainage Texture (Dt) 17.4.12 Compactness Coefficient (Cc) 17.4.13 Shape Factors (Sf) 17.4.14 Relief Parameters 17.4.15 Relative Relief (Rr) 17.4.16 Dissection Index (Di) 17.4.17 Ruggedness Index (Rn) 17.5 Conclusion References