IEEE MTT-V054-I01 (2006-01)

Description

MINI-SPECIAL ISSUE ON RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS......Page 1 020 - 01573788......Page 4 North Carolina State University......Page 5 A. Operating Principle of MBDGT......Page 6 B. Operating Principle of Double-Balanced Mixer......Page 7 Fig.€5. Microphotograph of the fabricated mixer.......Page 8 Fig.€10. Output spectrum: WCDMA.......Page 9 Fig.€12. Measured output power level with multibias scheme.......Page 10 S. A. Maas, Nonlinear Microwave Circuit . Norwood, MA: Artech Ho......Page 11 A. Cartesian Phase Shifter......Page 12 B. Hybrid Polar Phase Shifter......Page 13 A. 180 $^{\circ}$ Baluns......Page 14 B. 3-dB Quadrature Couplers......Page 15 Fig.€7. Variation of simulated and measured gains versus control......Page 16 B. Hybrid Polar Phase Shifter......Page 17 Fig.€12. Measured small-signal: (a) gain and (b) phase for 16 st......Page 18 TABLE€III C OMPARISON OF M ONOLITHIC P HASE S HIFTERS F ROM 10 T......Page 19 T. M. Hancock and G. M. Rebeiz, A 12-GHz SiGe phase shifter with......Page 20 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 22 Fig.€1. Block diagram of the modified reflection-type modulators......Page 23 Fig. 3. Imbalances versus the magnitude difference $M_{d}$ and t......Page 24 A. Compact 90 $^{\circ}$ and 180 $^{\circ}$ Couplers in the CMOS......Page 25 Fig. 6. Layout and cross section of the 180 $^{\circ}$ hybrid wi......Page 26 Fig.€8. Schematic of the modified reflection-type BPSK modulator......Page 27 Fig.€12. Measured output spectrum of the BPSK modulator with the......Page 28 B. IQ Modulator......Page 29 Fig.€20. Measured output spectrum of the IQ modulator at 30 GHz......Page 30 D. C. W. Lo, H. Wang, B. R. Allen, G. S. Dow, K. W. Chang, M. Bi......Page 31 H.-C. Lu and T.-H. Chu, Port reduction methods for scattering ma......Page 32 Fig.€1. Dynamic load line of the: (a) on- and (b) off-state pass......Page 33 II. B ODY -F LOATING T ECHNIQUE......Page 34 Fig.€6. Series-shunt switch schematic diagram.......Page 35 IV. N ONLINEAR R ESISTIVE CMOS M ODEL......Page 36 Fig. 12. Measured phase of ${ S}_{11}$ of a shunt 60- $\mu{\hbox......Page 37 V. M EASUREMENT R ESULTS......Page 38 TABLE€II M EASURED P ERFORMANCE S UMMARY OF THE SPDT S WITCH......Page 39 C. H. Diaz et al., A 0.18- $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS logic technolog......Page 40 II. P HASE -S HIFTER C IRCUIT T OPOLOGY......Page 42 B. Varactor-Tuned LC Network......Page 43 D. Gain Variation Calibration......Page 44 Fig. 9. Measured ${ S}_{21}$ in 2.4-GHz frequency band.......Page 45 B. Gain Variation Calibration......Page 46 D. Viveiros, Jr., D. Consonni, and A. K. Jastrzebski, A tunable......Page 47 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 48 II. L IMITATIONS OF U SING THE D ISTORTION S WEET -S POT P OINT......Page 49 III. B ASICS OF V OLTERRA's S ERIES A B RIEF......Page 50 IV. D ISTORTION A NALYSIS OF RF CMOS LNA S U SING V OLTERRA ' S......Page 51 B. Effect of the Gate Source Capacitance $({C}_{\rm gs})$......Page 52 D. Effects of the Output Resistance ${r}_{o}$ and of the Source......Page 53 V. P RACTICAL C ONSIDERATIONS IN D ISTORTION -A WARE LNA D ESIGN......Page 54 VI. E XPERIMENTAL R ESULTS......Page 55 X. Guan and A. Hajimiri, A 24-GHz CMOS front-end, IEEE J. Solid-......Page 56 T. K. Tsang and M. N. El-Gamal, Gain and frequency controllable......Page 57 III. S INGLE -S TAGE PA C ONCEPT......Page 59 A. Modeling Considerations......Page 60 3) Parasitic Extraction of the Device Interconnects: The npn bip......Page 61 B. Single-Transistor Amplifier Correlations......Page 62 C. Dual-Stage PA Correlations......Page 63 Fig. 10. Output power ( $P{\rm out}$ ) and transducer power gain......Page 64 VI. C ONCLUSIONS AND O UTLOOK......Page 65 M. Schroter, H.-M. Rein, W. Rabe, R. Reimann, H.-J. Wassener, an......Page 66 II. D RIVER S PECIFICATIONS......Page 67 III. D RIVER A NALYSIS M ETHODOLOGY......Page 68 B. Driver Analysis......Page 69 C. Driver Comparison......Page 70 IV. I MPLEMENTATION AND M EASUREMENTS......Page 71 Fig.€7. Simplified schematics of the drivers implemented. The fi......Page 72 V. C ONCLUSION......Page 73 F. Ellinger, T. Morf, G. von Büren, C. Kromer, G. Sialm, L. Rodo......Page 74 S. Eitel, S. G. Hunziker, D. Vez, M. Moser, R. Hoevel, H.-P. Gau......Page 75 II. N EED FOR A S WITCHED R ESONATOR......Page 76 IV. D ESIGN AND E XTRACTED P ARAMETERS OF THE S WITCHED R ESONAT......Page 77 Fig.€4. (a) Lumped-element model for a planar spiral inductor. (......Page 78 Fig. 6. Plots of measured and simulated: (a) ${L}_{\rm eff}$, (b......Page 79 V. D ESIGN OF THE D UAL -B AND VCO......Page 80 Fig.€10. Measured quality factors of a switched resonator and th......Page 81 Z. Li and K. K. O, A 900-MHz 1.5-V CMOS voltage-controlled oscil......Page 82 P. Kinget, Integrated GHz voltage controlled oscillators, in Ana......Page 83 II. F ABRICATED GS T EST F IXTURES......Page 84 Fig. 3. Simulated GS-model $Y_{11}$ -parameter versus measured d......Page 85 Fig.€6. Measured ground-lead impedance.......Page 86 Fig. 10. Measured bulk CMOS GS test fixture $S_{21}$ . IGS- and......Page 87 VI. C ONCLUSIONS......Page 88 N. G. Alexopoulos and S.-C. Wu, Frequency-independent equivalent......Page 89 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 90 Fig.€3. Circuit schematic of the down-conversion double-balanced......Page 91 C. Noise Figure of the Oscillator Mixer......Page 92 F. Current Reuse in Oscillator Mixer......Page 93 Fig.€7. Measured and simulated conversion gains of the oscillato......Page 94 IV. C ONCLUSION......Page 95 C. Hermann, M. Tiebout, and H. Klar, A 0.6 V 1.6-mW transformer-......Page 96 Fig.€1. MSK modulation example and the modulated signal's conste......Page 98 Fig. 4. Conceptual block diagram of a conventional ${ I}/{ Q}$ m......Page 99 B. Impact of Variations in the Modulated Signal's Amplitude and......Page 100 A. Divider......Page 101 C. Phasor-Combining Circuit......Page 102 Fig.€14. Die microphotograph of the modulator.......Page 103 B. Constellation and ${ I}/{ Q}$ Plane Diagram......Page 104 TABLE I S UMMARY OF M ODULATOR P ERFORMANCE......Page 105 Y. Zhou and J. Yuan, A 1 GHz CMOS current-folded direct digital......Page 106 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 108 III. H IERARCHICAL B ASIS F UNCTIONS......Page 109 IV. A PPLICATIONS......Page 110 A. Efficient Multilevel Preconditioner......Page 111 B. Goal-Oriented Error Estimates......Page 112 V. C ONCLUSIONS......Page 114 B. Rotational Basis Functions......Page 115 J. M. Jin, The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics, 2nd ed......Page 116 II. T HEORETICAL A NALYSIS......Page 117 Fig. 3. $[-{\rm image}(Y_{ s})/\omega]$ as a function of ${\rm R......Page 118 Fig.€6. Comparison of: (a) measured inductor $L$ and (b) $Q$ wit......Page 119 J. R. Long and M. A. Copeland, The modeling, characterization, a......Page 120 P. Yue et al., A physical model for planar spiral inductors on s......Page 121 Fig.€1. Net phase shift $(\Delta\phi)$ versus maximum allowable......Page 122 Fig.€3. (a) Fabricated unit cell on quartz. (b) Scanning electro......Page 123 B. Modeling and Measurements......Page 124 Fig.€5. Comparison between measurement data and model (equivalen......Page 125 C. 4-bit Phase-Shifter Performance......Page 126 Fig.€11. Comparison of $\Delta\phi$ between measured and model d......Page 127 Fig.€13. Comparison between measurements and equivalent-circuit......Page 128 S. Barker and G. Rebeiz, Optimization of distributed MEMS transm......Page 129 Fig.€1. Relative power levels, represented by thickness of arrow......Page 130 A. Angle-Detecting Array......Page 131 C. Receiving Array......Page 132 C. Receiving Array......Page 133 IV. R ESULTS......Page 134 Y. H. Liew, J. Joe, and M. S. Leong, A novel 360 $^{\circ}$ anal......Page 135 Fig.€1. Measured magnetic permeability and loss tangent of $Z$ -......Page 137 1) Natural Magnetic Materials: The bulk permeability of a materi......Page 138 II. E FFECTIVE M EDIUM O PERATION......Page 139 1) Capacitance: To model the equivalent lumped-element capacitan......Page 140 2) Inductance: The planar elements in Fig.€4 are stacked along t......Page 141 5) Permeability: Equation (7) gives the form of the anisotropic......Page 142 III. M ETAMATERIAL D ESIGN AND F ABRICATION......Page 143 B. Antenna Performance......Page 144 Fig.€19. Return loss at 250 MHz for probe-fed patch antenna over......Page 145 Fig.€20. Radiation efficiency of a patch at 250 MHz verses subst......Page 146 C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd ed. New......Page 147 A. Simulation......Page 149 Fig.€4. Series microwave rectifier detection sensitivity improve......Page 150 1) Design and Simulation: To increase the received power level a......Page 151 A. Design and Simulation......Page 152 Fig.€16. Measurement and simulation comparison results of the co......Page 153 S. N. Burokur, M. Latrach, and S. Toutain, Theoretical investiga......Page 154 A. DR Theory......Page 155 B. Push Push Oscillator Concept......Page 156 III. R EFERENCE M ULTIPLIER......Page 157 IV. L OOP F ILTER D ESIGN......Page 158 V. E XPERIMENTAL R ESULTS......Page 159 Fig.€16. Push push PLDRO output spectrum without BPF.......Page 160 J. Smith, Phase-locked loop analysis, in Modern Communication Ci......Page 161 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 162 B. Design Constraints......Page 163 D. GA......Page 164 III. D ESIGN E XAMPLES......Page 165 TABLE€IV E LECTRICAL AND P HYSICAL P ARAMETERS OF THE F IRST E......Page 166 TABLE€V E LECTRICAL AND P HYSICAL P ARAMETERS OF THE S ECOND E......Page 167 IV. C ONCLUSIONS......Page 168 L.-H. Hsieh and K. Chang, Slow-wave bandpass filters using ring......Page 169 A. E. Eiben, R. Hinterding, and R. Zbigniew, Parameter control i......Page 170 A. LCL Model......Page 171 Fig. 2. $S_{11}$ results for ${\hbox {50}}\times {\hbox {250}}\......Page 172 TABLE IV M EAN D IFFERENCE B ETWEEN $S_{11}$ FOR M EASUREMENTS......Page 173 D. DeGroot, J. Jargon, and R. Marks, Multiline TRL revealed, in......Page 174 II. F ULL -W AVE A NALYSIS OF N ONLINEAR C IRCUITS IN NRD G UIDE......Page 175 IV. N ONLINEAR A NALYSIS OF S INGLE -E NDED M IXER......Page 176 V. N ONLINEAR A NALYSIS OF L EAKY -W AVE M IXER......Page 177 B. Nonlinear Harmonic-Balance Analysis......Page 178 VI. L IMITATIONS OF THE S IMULATION......Page 179 N. P. Pathak, A. Basu, and S. K. Koul, Full wave analysis of non......Page 180 A. Description......Page 182 Fig.€4. Scheme of a 3-BL stretched quadrature hybrid.......Page 183 Fig.€8. Optimal impedances normalized with respect to 50 $% \Omega......Page 184 Fig.€11. Measurements (solid lines) and method of moments EM sim......Page 185 C. Dual-Band Stub-Loaded Branch-Line (SL-BL) Hybrid......Page 186 IV. H YBRID FOR WLAN S YSTEMS......Page 187 V. S UMMARY AND C ONCLUSIONS......Page 188 F ORMULATION OF THE S CATTERING P ARAMETERS FOR THE 3-BL S TRETC......Page 189 J. Butler and R. Lowe, Beam forming matrix simplifies design of......Page 190 II. IEs AND MoM......Page 191 III. E FFICIENT E VALUATION OF M O M M ATRIX......Page 192 IV. M ODAL E XCITATION......Page 193 V. E FFICIENT N UMERICAL T REATMENT OF T HICK I RISES......Page 194 VI. N UMERICAL R ESULTS FOR T HICK I RIS P ROBLEMS......Page 195 Fig. 11. Magnitude of the reflection $s_{11}$ and transmission $......Page 196 Fig.€15. Circular iris coupled rectangular waveguide three-reson......Page 197 C. J. Railton and S. A. Meade, Fast rigorous analysis of shielde......Page 198 J. R. Mosig, Integral-equation technique, in Numerical Technique......Page 199 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 200 A. Quasi-TM Equations......Page 201 B. Transmission-Line Model......Page 202 III. MoL/MoM Analysis......Page 204 Fig.€2. Discretization pattern to apply the MoL/MoM technique. T......Page 205 Fig.€3. Real part of the effective dielectric permittivity $\eps......Page 206 Fig.€5. (a) Slow-wave factor and (b) attenuation for the fundame......Page 207 V. C ONCLUSION......Page 208 J. Zheng, V. K. Tripathi, and A. Weisshaar, Characterization and......Page 210 R. Faraji-Dana and Y. L. Chow, The current distribution and AC r......Page 211 A. Condensed Node Expression and Fundamental Equations for Vecto......Page 212 Fig.€2. Equivalent-circuit expression with nonlinearity at inter......Page 213 A. Characteristics of Nonlinear PC Single Straight Waveguide......Page 214 B. New 2-D PC Frequency Converter and its Characteristics......Page 215 K. S. Champlin and D. R. Singh, Small-signal second-harmonic gen......Page 216 I. I NTRODUCTION......Page 218 A. Source and Field Points in the Same Layer......Page 219 Fig.€2. (a) Case 1: source and field points are in the same laye......Page 220 B. Source and Field Points in Different Layers......Page 221 Fig.€8. Effect of subtraction on the convergence: the number of......Page 222 IV. N UMERICAL R ESULTS......Page 223 V. C ONCLUSION......Page 224 C. $m