Tribology in Sustainable Composites

Description

Tribological performance of sustainable composites depend upon external parameters such as interface and environmental temperature, contact pressure and behavior of contact materials at interface and so forth. This book covers sustainable composites and bio- composites in terms of proper selection of reinforcements, methods to improve the thermal and mechanical properties, techniques for uniform dispersion of the reinforcements and their tribological performance. Also, it details the testing and damage characterization methods of these sustainable composites. Features: 1. Presents fundamental knowledge of sustainable composites, including chemical composition, structural features and fabrication techniques. 2. Provides an analytical overview of the different types of characterization techniques and tribological methods. 3. Provides an extensive review on bio- composite properties and their tribological performance for biomedical application. 4. Contains extensive reviews on cutting- edge research on lightweight materials for future applications in a variety of industries and their tribological performance. 5. Provides the application of sustainable composites in various fields such as aerospace, automobile, medical etc. This book is aimed for Researchers, Professionals and Graduate students of Tribology, Composites, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Engineering. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface About the Authors 1 Sustainable Composites 1.1 Background 1.2 Introduction 1.2.1 Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) 1.2.2 Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) 1.2.3 Jute (Corchorus Capsularis) 1.2.4 Flax (Linum Usitatissimum) 1.2.5 Ramie (Boehmeria Nivea) 1.2.6 Nettle (Urtica Dioica) 1.2.7 Pineapple Leaf (Ananas Comosus) 1.2.8 Sisal (Agave Sisalana) 1.2.9 Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) 1.2.10 Coconut Fiber (Cocos Nucifera) 1.2.11 Kapok (Ceiba Pentandra) 1.2.12 Bamboo (Bambusoideae) 1.2.13 Silk (Bombyx Mori) 1.2.14 Cotton (Gossipiyum) 1.3 Properties of Natural Fibers 1.4 Advantages of Natural Fiber Composites 1.5 Disadvantages of Natural Fiber Composites 1.6 Extraction of Natural Fibers 1.7 Fabrication Techniques 1.8 Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites 1.8.1 Morphological Observation 1.8.2 Physical Properties 1.8.3 Thermal Behavior 1.8.4 Mechanical Performance 1.8.4.1 Tensile Test 1.8.4.2 Flexural Test 1.8.4.3 Impact Test 1.8.4.4 Compressive Strength 1.8.4.5 Hardness Test 1.8.4.6 Crashworthiness 1.8.5 Tribological Performance 1.9 Possibilities to Improve the Properties of Natural Fibers 1.9.1 Physical Treatment 1.9.2 Chemical Treatment 1.9.2.1 Alkaline Treatment 1.9.2.2 Silane Treatment 1.9.2.3 Acetylation Treatment 1.9.2.4 Peroxide Treatment 1.9.2.5 Benzoylation Treatment 1.9.2.6 Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) Treatment 1.9.2.7 Stearic Acid Treatment 1.9.2.8 Functionalization of Polymers and Natural Fibers 1.10 Factors Affecting the Performance of Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) 1.11 Applications of Natural Fibers 1.12 Sustainability of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) 1.12.1 Environmental Perspective 1.12.2 Economic Perspective 1.13 Biodegradability of Sustainable Composites 1.14 Future Trends and Challenges 1.15 Summary References 2 Factors Affecting the Properties of Sustainable Composites 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Fiber Concentration 2.3 Fiber Orientation 2.4 Fiber Dispersion 2.5 Fiber Treatment 2.6 Effect of Nano Material in Natural Fiber Composite 2.7 Life-Cycle Assessment of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) 2.8 Summary References 3 Tribological Behavior of Sustainable Composites 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sustainable Metallic Composites 3.2.1 Fabrication Techniques of Metallic Sustainable Composites 3.2.2 Tribological Characterization of Metallic Sustainable Composites 3.2.3 Wear Mechanisms Observed in Metallic Sustainable Composites 3.3 Sustainable Polymer Composites 3.3.1 Effect of Fiber Orientations On Tribological Properties 3.3.2 Effect of Fiber Orientations and Treatment On the Tribological Properties 3.3.3 Effect of Operating Conditions On the Tribological Properties 3.3.4 Wear Mechanisms Observed in Polymer Sustainable Composites 3.4 Comparison of the Tribological Properties of a Few Polymer Sustainable Composites 3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects References 4 Applications of Sustainable Composites 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Applications of Sustainable Composites 4.2.1 Sustainable Composites in Civil Structures 4.2.2 Sustainable Composites in Automobile Industry 4.2.3 Sustainable Composites in Medical Industry 4.2.4 Sustainable Composites for Energy Applications 4.2.5 Sustainable Composites for Miscellaneous Applications 4.3 Summary References Index