Top 100 Diagnoses in Neurology

Description

In arriving at a clinical diagnosis, think of the five most common findings (either historical, physical findings, or laboratory) found in a given disorder. If at least three of these five are not present in a given patient, the diagnosis is likely to be wrong. C. Miller Fisher Building on this precept from the great 20th-century neurologist C. Miller Fisher, Drs. Ilya Kister and José Biller have identified the five most common findings for the ‘top 100’ most common and important neurologic syndromes and disorders. The unique format of Top 100 Diagnoses in Neurology includes synopses that tie together the core disease features, illustrations and study questions for each entry, making this book an excellent tool for building a firm knowledge base in neurology and a quick reference for clinicians – neurologists and general practitioners alike. Covers the five core features of 100 of the most important neurologic syndromes and disorders, including polyneuropathies, neurologic vision disorders, movement disorders, epilepsy syndromes, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, opioid overdose, brain tumors, and much more. Icons are used to identify neurologic emergencies and specify disease prevalence (common, rare, very rare). Includes brief introductions to each section that provide an essential clinical context for each area. Features helpful learning tools for each entry, including illustrations of key concepts, mnemonics, clinical pearls; and carefully chosen study questions to encourage further study and test your knowledge. Each entry contains free online references. Helps you quickly refresh your knowledge of specific disorders and ascertain whether your patients’ diagnoses satisfy Fisher’s “three-of-five” rule. 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Cover Title Copyright Dedication Preface Table of Contents How to use this book CHAPTER 1 Peripheral Nervous System and the Innervation of the Upper Extremities A Very Brief Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System and Innervation of the Upper Extremities 1 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 2 Ulnar Neuropathy 3 Radial Nerve Palsy 4 Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injuries 5 Acute Cervical Radiculopathies: C6 and C7 CHAPTER 2 Innervation of the Legs A Very Brief Introduction to the Innervation of the Legs 6 Meralgia Paresthetica 7 Peripheral Foot Drop 8 Neoplastic Lumbosacral Plexopathy 9 Acute Lumbosacral Radiculopathies: L5 and S1 10 Diabetic Amyotrophy (Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy) CHAPTER 3 Polyneuropathies A Very Brief Introduction to Polyneuropathies 11 Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy 12 Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy 13 Guillain-­Barré Syndrome 14 Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Critical Illness Myopathy CHAPTER 4 Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction A Very Brief Introduction to Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction 15 Myasthenia Gravis 16 Lambert-­Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 17 Botulism CHAPTER 5 Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle A Very Brief Introduction to Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle 18 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 19 Myotonic Dystrophy Type 20 Polymyositis and dermatomyositis 21 Inclusion Body Myositis 22 Toxic myopathies 23 Chronic Alcoholic myopathy 24 Hypothyroid myopathy CHAPTER 6 Disorders of the Spinal Cord A Very Brief Introduction to Disorders of the Spinal Cord 25 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 26 Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Subacute Combined degeneration) 27 Cervical Spondylotic myelopathy 28 Syringomyelia (Syrinx) 29 Acute Transverse Myelitis 30 Conus Medullaris Syndrome and Cauda Equina Syndrome CHAPTER 7 Disorders of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves A Very Brief Introduction to Disorders of the Brainstem and the Cranial Nerves 31 Bell Palsy 32 Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) 33 Third Nerve Palsy 34 Cavernous Sinus Syndrome 35 Wernicke Encephalopathy CHAPTER 8 Neurologic Disorders of Vision A Very Brief Introduction to Neurological Disorders of Vision 36 Optic Neuritis 37 Giant Cell Arteritis 38 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension CHAPTER 9 Movement Disorders A Very Brief Introduction to Movement Disorders 39 Parkinson Disease 40 Essential Tremor 41 Huntington Disease 42 Wilson Disease 43 Tardive Dystonia 44 Restless Legs Syndrome 45 Tourette Syndrome 46 Functional Movement Disorders CHAPTER 10 Disorders of Consciousness and Higher Cognitive Functions A Very Brief Introduction to Disorders of Consciousness and Higher Cognitive Functions 47 Delirium (Acute Confusional State) 48 Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) 49 Transient Global Amnesia 50 Alzheimer Disease 51 Dementia with Lewy Bodies 52 Frontotemporal Dementia 53 Vascular Dementia 54 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 55 Brain death CHAPTER 11 Cerebrovascular Disorders A Very Brief Introduction to Cerebrovascular Disorders 56 Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Dissection 57 Middle Cerebral Artery Territory Infarction 58 Posterior Cerebral Artery Territory Infarction 59 Basilar Artery Occlusion 60 Cervical Vertebral Artery Dissection 61 “Crossed“ Brainstem Vascular Syndromes 62 Lacunar (Small-­Vessel) Syndromes 63 Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage 64 Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 65 Acute and Chronic Subdural Hematoma 66 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis CHAPTER 12 Epilepsy A Very Brief Introduction to Epilepsy 67 Focal Seizures 68 Generalized Tonic-­Clonic Seizures 69 Febrile Seizures 70 Childhood Absence Epilepsy 71 Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy 72 West Syndrome and Infantile Spasms 73 Lennox-­Gastaut Syndrome CHAPTER 13 Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Neurologic Disorders A Very Brief Introduction to Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Neurologic Disorders 74 Transient Ischemic Attack 75 Migraine Aura 76 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo 77 Periodic Paralyses 78 Narcolepsy Type 1 79 Sleepwalking and Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder CHAPTER 14 Headache Disorders A Very Brief Introduction to Headache Disorders 80 Migraine 81 Tension-­Type Headache 82 Cluster Headache 83 Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension CHAPTER 15 Infections of the Central Nervous System A Very Brief Introduction to Infections of the Central Nervous System 84 Acute Viral Encephalitis 85 Acute Bacterial Meningitis 86 Brain Abscess 87 Lyme Neuroborreliosis 88 Neurocysticercosis 89 HIV-­1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorder 90 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 91 Creutzfeldt-­Jakob Disease CHAPTER 16 Immune-­Mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System A Very Brief Introduction to Immune-­Mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System 92 Multiple Sclerosis 93 Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder 94 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis 95 Neurosarcoidosis CHAPTER 17 Miscellaneous Section: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neurotoxicology, Neuro-­oncology A Very Brief Introduction to the Miscellaneous Section: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neurotoxicology, Neuro-­oncology 96 Autism Spectrum Disorder 97 Cerebral Palsy 98 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin Syndrome 99 Opioid overdose 100 Brain tumors Index Freely-available, high-quality Internet resources