National Climate Policies and the Kyoto Protocol (Sustainable development)

Description

Foreword Table of Contents Executive Summary Box: Climate Change Requires Integrated Policy Responses 1. Introduction Table 1. UNFCCC Conferences of the Parties : A Chronology Aim and approach 2. The Policy Challenge Climate change and sustainable development Box 1. Key Features of the Kyoto Protocol Table 2. Annex 1 countries and their commitments International developments Table 3. EU Burden-Sharing Agreement Costs of responding to climate change 3. Trends: Emissions and Policies Emission trends: OECD 19901996 Table 4. Overview of national emission trends, Kyoto objectives and EU Burden-Sharing Figure 1. 1996 OECD greenhouse gas emissions by sector Figure 2. 1996 OECD greenhouse gas emissions by gas Figure 3. OECD CO2 and N2O emissions from transport Table 5. 1995/6 Removals from Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) Box 2. Global Population, Economic, Energy and CO2 Trends, 19711995 Figure 4. Contributors to global CO2 emission changes, 1971-1995 OECD and global trends: CO2 and energy Figure 5. World CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by region Figure 6. Trends in energy intensity of GDP by world regions, 1971-1995 Figure 7. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use in OECD Member countries Policy trends Box 3. A Baseline Scenario through 2010 Figure 8. Decomposition of carbon emissions by region Figure 9. Growth and decomposition of carbon emissions by source Box 4. Multiple policy objectives and early climate change strategies in OECD countries Table 6. Policy-relevant features of emission sectors and main policy developments by sector Box 5. Renewable Energy Policies 4. Framework for Mitigation Policy Getting the prices right Table 7. Changes in support levels in OECD countries Box 6. Electricity, regulatory reform and the environment Box 7. Carbon taxes in Nordic countries Figure 10. Shares in total revenues from environmental taxes Putting markets to work: domestic tradable permits for greenhouse gas reduction Other policies in the mix Box 8. Examples of environmental technology diffusion schemes Box 9. Education and the link to sustainable development Monitoring and assessing performance Institutions for change Box 10. Rapid evolution of climate policies in the United Kingdom Fostering international cooperation Box 11. Carbon Charges on Aviation Fuels 5. Conclusions Framework for mitigation policy Moving forward Notes References List of Boxes Box: Climate Change Requires Integrated Policy Responses Box 1. Key Features of the Kyoto Protocol Box 2. Global Population, Economic, Energy and CO2 Trends, 1971 1995 Box 3. A Baseline Scenario through 2010 Box 4. Multiple policy objectives and early climate change strategies in OECD countries Box 5. Renewable Energy Policies Box 6. Electricity, regulatory reform and the environment Box 7. Carbon taxes in Nordic countries Box 8. Examples of environmental technology diffusion schemes Box 9. Education and the link to sustainable development Box 10. Rapid evolution of climate policies in the United Kingdom Box 11. Carbon Charges on Aviation Fuels List of Tables Table 1. UNFCCC Conferences of the Parties : A Chronology Table 2. Annex 1 countries and their commitments Table 3. EU Burden-Sharing Agreement Table 4. Overview of national emission trends, Kyoto objectives and EU Burden-Sharing Table 5. 1995/6 Removals from Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) Table 6. Policy-relevant features of emission sectors and main policy developments by sector Table 7. Changes in support levels in OECD countries List of Figures Figure 1. 1996 OECD greenhouse gas emissions by sector Figure 2. 1996 OECD greenhouse gas emissions by gas Figure 3. OECD CO2 and N2O emissions from transport Figure 4. Contributors to global CO2 emission changes, 1971-1995 Figure 5. World CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by region Figure 6. Trends in energy intensity of GDP by world regions, 1971-1995 Figure 7. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use in OECD Member countries Figure 8. Decomposition of carbon emissions by region Figure 9. Growth and decomposition of carbon emissions by source Figure 10. Shares in total revenues from environmental taxes