Intermediate Ancient Greek Language

Description

Intermediate Ancient Greek Language is a series of Lessons and Exercises intended for students who have already covered most of an introductory course in the ancient Greek language. It aims to broaden and deepen students’ understanding of the main grammatical constructions of Greek. Further attention is given to grammatical forms to illustrate their functions. In the Lessons, tragedy, comedy, historiography, oratory and philosophy are sources for dramatic material. The Cases have been deliberately placed late in the series of Lessons 36 to 41; students by now will be prepared to analyse Case usage. Consideration of prepositions in Lesson 42 naturally follows the Cases. Lesson 43, on correlative clauses, links with adjectival and adverbial constructions in previous Lessons. The final Lesson 44 deals with exclamations. Throughout the book, the author relies on genuine Greek sources for the passages in the Lessons and Exercises. Abbreviations and Symbols Introduction Lesson 1. Time and Aspect of the Indicative Mood 1.1. Tense 1.2. Forms and Functions 1.3. Time and Aspect (Summary) EXERCISE 1 Lesson 2. Aspect in the Imperative, Subjunctive and Optative Moods 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Forms 2.3. Functions EXERCISE 2 Lesson 3. Infinitive 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Forms 3.3. Functions 3.4. Infinitive without Article 3.5. Infinitive with Article EXERCISE 3 Lesson 4. Participles 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Forms 4.3. Functions 4.4. Negatives EXERCISE 4 Lesson 5. Genitive Absolute 5.1. The Usual Construction 5.2. Subject Unexpressed 5.3. Improper Genitive Absolute EXERCISE 5 Lesson 6. Accusative Absolute 6.1. Introduction 6.2. So-Called Impersonal Verbs 6.3. Verbs Used Impersonally in the Passive Voice 6.4. Neuter Adjectives 6.5. Personal Accusative Absolute 6.6. Note EXERCISE 6 Lesson 7. Verbal Adjectives Ending in -τος, -τη, -τον 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Formation of Verbal Adjectives Ending in ‑τος, ‑τη, ‑τον 7.3. Meaning of Verbal Adjectives Ending in -τος, -τη, -τον EXERCISE 7 Lesson 8. Verbal Adjectives Ending in -τέος, -τέα, -τέον 8.1. Formation of Verbal Adjectives Ending in -τέος, -τέα, -τέον 8.2. Usage of Verbal Adjectives Ending in -τέος, -τέα, -τέον 8.3. Impersonal Construction 8.4. Personal Construction 8.5. Ambiguous Constructions 8.6. Agent in Accusative 8.7. Construction Continued with Infinitive 8.8. Impersonal Passive Construction EXERCISE 8 Lesson 9. Voice 9.1. English 9.2. Greek 9.3. Uses of the Middle Voice 9.4. The Development of the Middle Voice EXERCISE 9 Lesson 10. Commands 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Negative Commands 10.3. Virtual Commands 10.4. Reported Commands EXERCISE 10 Lesson 11. Wishes 11.1. Wishes for the Future 11.2. Unfulfilled Wishes for the Present and the Past 11.3. Reported Wishes 11.4. Reported Wishes Instead of Direct Wishes 11.5. Interrogative Wishes Combined with Deliberative Subjunctive EXERCISE 11 Lesson 12. Directly Reported Speech 12.1. Homer 12.2. Drama 12.3. Historiography 12.4. Prose Quotation Formulae 12.5. ὅτι and ὡς as Quotation Markers EXERCISE 12 Lesson 13. Reported Statements with ὅτι or ὡς 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Reported Statements in Primary Sequence 13.3. Reported Statements in Past Sequence 13.4. Vivid Construction EXERCISE 13 Lesson 14. Reported Statements with Infinitive 14.1. Aspect of the Infinitive 14.2. Accusative and Infinitive Phrases 14.3. Nominative and Infinitive Phrases 14.4. Exceptional Accusative and Infinitive Phrases 14.5. Negative 14.6. Usage 14.7. Passive of λέγειν EXERCISE 14 Lesson 15. Reported Knowledge and Perception 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Reported Knowledge or Perception with ὅτι or ὡς 15.3. Reported Knowledge or Perception with a Participial Phrase 15.4. Physical Perception 15.5. Reported Knowledge or Perception with an Infinitive Phrase EXERCISE 15 Lesson 16. Reported Thoughts, Hopes, Promises and Oaths 16.1. Reported Thoughts 16.2. Reported Hopes and Promises 16.3. Reported Oaths EXERCISE 16 Lesson 17. Questions 17.1. Ordinary Questions 17.2. Alternative Questions 17.3. Questions with Interrogative Adjectives or Adverbs 17.4. Deliberative Questions 17.5. Rhetorical Questions EXERCISE 17 Lesson 18. Reported Questions 18.1. Reported Ordinary Questions 18.2. ἆρα in Reported Questions 18.3. Reported Alternative Questions 18.4. Reported Questions with Interrogative Adjectives or Adverbs 18.5. Reported Deliberative Questions EXERCISE 18 Lesson 19. Conditions 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Open Conditions 19.3. Unfulfilled Conditions 19.4. Mixed Conditions 19.5. The Negative in If-Clauses EXERCISE 19 Lesson 20. Homeric Conditions 20.1. Introduction 20.2. Open Conditions 20.3. Unfulfilled Conditions EXERCISE 20 Lesson 21. Subordinate Clauses in Reported Discourse 21.1. Reported Complex Sentences 21.2. Reported Subordinate Clauses in Primary Sequence 21.3. Reported Subordinate Clauses in Past Sequence 21.4. Assimilation of Construction 21.5. Vivid Construction EXERCISE 21 Lesson 22. Result Constructions 22.1. Natural Result 22.2. Comparative Result 22.3. Actual Result 22.4. Adjectival Clauses of Result 22.5. Provisos 22.6. Antecedents for Result Constructions 22.7. ὥστε = ‘And so’ EXERCISE 22 Lesson 23. Causal Constructions 23.1. Adverbial Clauses of Cause 23.2. Adjectival Clauses of Cause 23.3. Causal Participles 23.4. Coordinating Use of ἐπεί and ὡς EXERCISE 23 Lesson 24. Constructions with Verbs of Effort and Caution 24.1. Introduction 24.2. Primary Sequence 24.3. Past Sequence 24.4. Variations of the Constructions in §§24.2 and 24.3 24.5. Infinitive Constructions 24.6. Omission of Main Clause EXERCISE 24 Lesson 25. Adjectival Clauses 25.1. Introduction 25.2. Definite Clauses Introduced by ὅς 25.3. Indefinite Clauses Introduced by ὅς 25.4. Indefinite Clauses Introduced by ὅστις 25.5. Coordinating Use of the Relative Adjective or Pronoun 25.6. Parenthetic ὅστις Clause 25.7. Special Uses of ὅστις and ὃς ἄν EXERCISE 25 Lesson 26. Concessive Constructions 26.1. Introduction 26.2. Concessive Participial Phrases 26.3. Concessive Clauses EXERCISE 26 Lesson 27. Purpose Constructions 27.1. Prepositions 27.2. Infinitive 27.3. Participles 27.4. Adjectival Clauses of Purpose 27.5. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose EXERCISE 27 Lesson 28. Clauses of Comparison 28.1. Introduction 28.2. Definite Comparison 28.3. Indefinite Comparison 28.4. Potential, Conditional and Temporal Constructions 28.5. Other Correlative Adjectives and Adverbs EXERCISE 28 Lesson 29. Expressions of Hindering, Forbidding, Denying and Failing 29.1. Introduction 29.2. Direct Object 29.3. Genitive of Separation 29.4. Infinitive after a Positive Expression 29.5. ἐμποδών 29.6. Infinitive after a Negative Expression 29.7. Result Construction 29.8. Effort Construction 29.9. Conditional Construction 29.10. Participial Construction 29.11. Passive Constructions EXERCISE 29 Lesson 30. Temporal Constructions 1: Clauses in Primary Sequence 30.1. Introduction 30.2. Contemporaneous Action in Temporal Clause 30.3. Prior Action in Temporal Clause 30.4. Subsequent Action in Temporal Clause: Indefinite EXERCISE 30 Lesson 31. Temporal Constructions 2: Clauses in Past Sequence 31.1. Introduction 31.2. Contemporaneous Action in Temporal Clause 31.3. Prior Action in Temporal Clause 31.4. Subsequent Action in Temporal Clause EXERCISE 31 Lesson 32. Temporal Constructions with πρίν 32.1. Introduction 32.2. πρίν with an Infinitive Phrase 32.3. πρίν with a Finite Verb EXERCISE 32 Lesson 33. Adverbial Clauses of Place and Manner 33.1. Adverbial Clauses of Place 33.2. Adverbial Clauses of Manner 33.3. Adverbial Clauses of Place Expressing Purpose 33.4. Adverbial Clauses Distinguished from Noun Clauses EXERCISE 33 Lesson 34. Noun Clauses with Expressions of Emotion 34.1. Introduction 34.2. Verbs of Emotion 34.3. εἰ Clause as Subject 34.4. Negatives with ὅτι and εἰ Clauses 34.5. General Comments EXERCISE 34A EXERCISE 34B Lesson 35. Expressions of Fearing 35.1. Introduction 35.2. Verbs of Fearing with Noun or Pronoun as Object 35.3. Verbs of Fearing with Infinitive Phrase as Object 35.4. Verbs of Fearing with a μή Clause as Object 35.5. Fears that Something is (etc.) Actually Happening 35.6. Fears Expressed with Other Conjunctions 35.7. Introductory Noun Phrases 35.8. Note EXERCISE 35A EXERCISE 35B Lesson 36. Nominative and Vocative Cases 36.1. Nominative as Subject 36.2. Nominative as Complement 36.3. Predicate Nominative with Passive Verb 36.4. Quoted Nominative 36.5. Nominative Address 36.6. Nominative Exclamation 36.7. Vocative 36.8. Hanging Vocative EXERCISE 36 Lesson 37. Accusative Case 37.1. Accusative as Direct Object 37.2. Adverbial Uses of the Accusative 37.3. Accusative in Apposition to a Sentence EXERCISE 37 Lesson 38. Genitive Case 1 38.1. Introduction 38.2. Simple Possessive Genitive 38.3. Subjective Genitive 38.4. Objective Genitive 38.5. Partitive Genitive 38.6. Genitive of Definition (or Apposition) 38.7. Genitive of Description (or Quality) 38.8. Genitive of Material 38.9. Genitive of Measure 38.10. Genitive of Price or Value EXERCISE 38 Lesson 39. Genitive Case 2 39.1. Introduction 39.2. Possessive Genitive 39.3. Partitive Genitive 39.4. Genitive of Separation 39.5. Genitive with Compound Verbs EXERCISE 39 Lesson 40. Dative Case 1 40.1. Introduction 40.2. Dative of Interest 40.3. Dative of Accompaniment (or Sociative Dative) EXERCISE 40 Lesson 41. Dative Case 2 41.1. Locative 41.2. Means or Instrument EXERCISE 41 Lesson 42. Prepositions 42.1. Adverbs 42.2. Compound Verbs 42.3. Prepositions 42.4. Case Functions 42.5. Possessive Genitive with Preposition 42.6. Compound Verb with Preposition 42.7. Metaphorical Use of Prepositions 42.8. Accent and Position of Prepositions 42.9. Adverbial Accusative as Preposition 42.10. Pregnant Construction 42.11. ‘Proper’ and ‘Improper’ Prepositions 42.12. Hellenistic and Later Developments EXERCISE 42A EXERCISE 42B Lesson 43. Correlative Clauses 43.1. Introduction 43.2. Adjectival Clauses 43.3. Adverbial Clauses 43.4. Interrogative Antecedent 43.5. Mixed Adjectival and Adverbial Construction 43.6. Pronominal Idioms 43.7. Note EXERCISE 43 Lesson 44. Exclamations 44.1. Exclamatory Cries 44.2. A Cry with First Person Singular Pronoun 44.3. An Exclamation with a Causal Genitive 44.4. Exclamatory Infinitive Phrases 44.5. Exclamatory Sentences Introduced by οἷος, ὅσος or ὡς 44.6. Interrogative Adjective or Adverb 44.7. Reported Exclamations EXERCISE 44 Bibliography Index of Passages Quoted in the Lessons