ICT Analysis and Applications: Proceedings of ICT4SD 2022

Description

This book proposes new technologies and discusses future solutions for ICT design infrastructures, as reflected in high-quality papers presented at the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development (ICT4SD 2022), held in Goa, India, on July 29–30, 2022. The book covers the topics such as big data and data mining, data fusion, IoT programming toolkits and frameworks, green communication systems and network, use of ICT in smart cities, sensor networks and embedded system, network and information security, wireless and optical networks, security, trust, and privacy, routing and control protocols, cognitive radio and networks, and natural language processing. Bringing together experts from different countries, the book explores a range of central issues from an international perspective. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Survey of Data Processing Software Tools for Global Navigation Satellite System 1 Introduction 2 Desktop-Based Software 2.1 Bernese 2.2 RTKLIB 2.3 GLAB 2.4 Teqc 3 Comparison 4 Conclusion References POS Tagging for the Primitive Languages of the World and Introducing a New Set of Universal POS Tagging for Sanskrit 1 Introduction 1.1 New Set of POS in Sanskrit 1.2 Analysis of UPOS in Sanskrit 2 Comparative Study of the Previous Work 3 Analysis of Primitive Languages 3.1 Word Order 3.2 The Compound 3.3 The Basis of Grammar in Primitive Languages 3.4 The Main and Sub-Tag Classification 3.5 The Main Tags with Their Common and Uncommon Sub-Tags Classification 4 UPOS Interface Designed for Creating the Database for Sanskrit Language 5 Observations and Findings 6 Future Work 7 Conclusion References A Study on Medical Image Data Augmentation Using Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Geometric Transformations 2.2 Color Space Transformations 2.3 Kernel Filters 2.4 Mixing Images 2.5 Random Erasing 2.6 Feature Space Augmentation 2.7 Adversarial Training 2.8 GAN-Based Data Augmentation 2.9 Neural Style Transfer 3 Conclusion References Data Classification Using Mesh Generation and Hough Transform 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Linear Regression 2.2 Analytical Straight Line 2.3 Standard Hough Transform 3 Method Description 4 Simulation and Discussions 4.1 Computing Average of StartAbsoluteValue a Subscript j comma 1 Baseline minus a Subscript i comma 1 Baseline EndAbsoluteValue |aj, 1-ai, 1| and StartAbsoluteValue a Subscript j comma 2 Baseline minus a Subscript i comma 2 Baseline EndAbsoluteValue |aj, 2-ai, 2| with i not equals= j 4.2 Using Arbitrary Pairs (l comma upper Kl, K) 5 Conclusion and Perspectives 6 Appendix References Data Acquisition Techniques from IOT Devices for Smart Transportation: A Brief Overview 1 Introduction 2 Modern Techniques 2.1 UAV-Aided Data Acquisition Using Swarm Intelligence 2.2 Data Acquisition Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in UAVs 2.3 Data Acquisition Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multi-UAVs 2.4 Data Acquisition Using Blockchain in UAV 3 Conclusion References Analysis of Student Behavioural Patterns by Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Framework of Study 2.1 Data Set Collection 2.2 Feature Extraction 2.3 Clustering Analysis 2.4 Prediction 2.5 Visualization 3 Algorithms 3.1 Initial Clustering Using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise(DBSCAN) 3.2 Subdivision Clustering Using K-Means 3.3 Random Forest Algorithm 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Similar Incident Detection for IT Service Management (ITSM) in Multilingual Records Using Information Retrieval Model 1 Introduction 2 Background—ITIL Service Operations Framework 3 Problem Statement 4 Objectives 5 Current Scope 6 Solution Architecture 7 Obtained Results 8 Limitations of the Work 9 Conclusion and Future Scope References Design of Efficient Energy Management Solution for the Internet of Things-Based Smart Microgrid 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Energy Management Domain Structure 4 Proposed IoT-Based Smart Wearable Tags 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Building Secured Software Defined Networks by Analyzing Anomaly Detection Algorithms on Various Attacks 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Experiments and Analysis 4 Efficiency of the Proposed Model 5 Conclusions and Future Works References Ultra-Sensitive Optical Sensor to Detect Single Waterborne Bacterium 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Structure for Waterborne Bacteria Analysis 4 Simulation Results 4.1 Results for Detection of Vibrio cholera (Refractive Index: 1.365) 4.2 Results for Detection of E. coli (Refractive Index: 1.388) 4.3 Results for Detection of Shigella flexneri (Refractive Index: 1.388) 4.4 Calculation of Performance Parameter 4.5 Result Observation 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network in Environmental Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Previous Work Done 4 Existing Methodologies 5 Analysis and Discussion 6 Proposed Methodology 7 Outcome and Results 8 Conclusion 9 Future Scope References A Virtual Tutor to Enhance the Solving Skills of School Children Using Performance Evaluation and Navigation System 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Literature Survey 3.1 Existing Applications 3.2 Research Papers 4 Proposed Methodology 4.1 Database Generation 4.2 Question Recommender 4.3 Performance Analyzer 4.4 Navigation 4.5 DOD Clustering Module 5 Implementation 5.1 CSV Generation 5.2 Navigation 5.3 DOD Clustering 6 Results 7 Conclusion References A Survey of Learning Techniques for Detecting DDOS Assaults 1 Introduction 1.1 Signature-Based Detection 1.2 Anomaly-Based Detection 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Decision Tree 2.2 Support Vector Machines (SVM) 2.3 Naive Bayes 2.4 Neural Networks 3 Comparision of Machine Learning Techniques 3.1 Fuzzy Logic 3.2 Neural Networks 3.3 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 3.4 Naïve Bayes 3.5 Decision Tree 4 Conclusion References Review on 5G and Wi-Fi 6 Wireless Internet Connectivity 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Technical Aspects of 5G 4 Technical Aspects of Wi-Fi 6 5 5G versus Wi-Fi 6—A Comparison as Well as Contrast 6 Conclusion References Handwriting Recognition and Conversion Using Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Limitations 4 Previous Work 5 Implementation 6 Conclusion References On Cordial Totally Magic Labeling of Flower Graphs 1 Introduction 1.1 Preliminaries 2 Main Results 3 Conclusion References Missing Value Imputation Using Weighted KNN and Genetic Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Literature Survey 4 Proposed Technique 5 Result and Discussion 5.1 Dataset Description 5.2 Performance and Evaluation 5.3 Experimental Design 6 Conclusion References Aqua Pura: An IoT-Based System to Make Rainwater Salvageable and Manageable at a Low Cost 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Applications 4 Working Mechanism 5 Programming Mechanism 6 Circuit Diagram 7 Required Hardware Components 8 Design and Implementation 9 Future Prospects and Conclusion References FMDCDTL: Design of Fusion-Based Model for Identification of Drowsy Drivers via Cascaded Deep Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Design of the Proposed Fusion-Based Model 3.1 Design of the VGGNet-19-Based CNN Model for Analysis of Facial Features 3.2 Design of Feature Extraction Model for Driving Patterns and EEG Signals 3.3 Design of the Ensemble Learning and Statistical Analysis Layer for Drowsiness Classification Decisions 4 Result Evaluation and Comparison 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Predicting the Heart Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Literature Work 3 Research Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Finding the Best ML-Based HDP Model (R1) 4.2 Statistical Justification (R2) 5 Conclusion References Synthetically Generated High-Resolution Reflected Ultra Violet Imaging System (RUVIS) Database Using Generative Adversarial Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Synthetic Latent Fingerprint Generation 3.1 Adaptive Discriminator Augmentation (StyleGan2-Ada) 3.2 StyleGan2-Ada Training Dataset 3.3 Adaptive Discriminator Augmentation 4 Experimental Results and Discussions 4.1 Visual Analysis 4.2 Multi-Scale Structural Similarity 5 Conclusion References Understanding and Comparative Analysis of Consensus Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Blockchain Technology 3.1 Working of Blockchain 3.2 Consensus Algorithms 4 Conclusion References Attack Detection in Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 1.1 IOT and Security 1.2 Cloud Computing and Fog Computing 2 Literature Review 2.1 Literature Survey 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Dataset Description 3.2 Result Analysis 3.3 Limitations and Future Scope 4 Conclusion References Effect of COVID-19 on Construction Industry in Mumbai 1 Introduction 1.1 Infrastructure 1.2 Real Estate 1.3 Repair Industry 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology and Observations 3.1 Effect of Covid-19 on Construction Industry 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References TranslateIT: Android-Based Mobile Application for Multilingual Translation 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Results 3.1 Results of Text to Text 3.2 Results of Voice to Text 4 Conclusion References Visualizing Commenters Opinions Through Topic Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) 2.2 LSA 2.3 LDA 2.4 Topic Coherence Measure 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset Selection, Text Preprocessing and Selection of Number of Topics 3.2 Iterative Latent Dirichlet Allocation (iLDA) and Iterative Non-negative Matrix Factorization (iNMF) 4 Results and Visualization 5 Conclusion References A Survey of Different Modulation Schemes and Channel Modeling Techniques of a VLC System 1 Introduction 2 Modulation Techniques 2.1 On–Off Shift Keying (OOK) 2.2 Pulse Modulation Methods 3 Comparison of Different Modulation Schemes 4 Conclusion References Simultaneous Estimation of Nebivolol and Cilnidipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Reagents and Chemicals 2.2 Instrumentation 2.3 Preparation of Diluent and Mobile Phase 2.4 Preparation of Standard Solutions 2.5 Preparation of Standard Stock Solution of Binary Mixture of Nebivolol and Cilnidipine 2.6 Preparation Sample Solution of Binary Mixture of Nebivolol and Cilnidipine 2.7 Preparation of Calibration Curve 3 RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Nebivolol and Cilnidipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation 3.1 Selection of Wavelength 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions 4.2 Method Validation [14] 4.3 System Suitability Test Parameter 4.4 Specificity 4.5 Linearity 4.6 Accuracy 5 Conclusion References Security Techniques Implementation on Big Data Using Steganography and Cryptography 1 Introduction 1.1 Steganography 1.2 Big Data 1.3 Cryptography 1.4 Cloud Computing 2 Literature Review 3 Tools Used for Obtaining Results 4 Conclusions References Identification of Generative Adversarial Network Forms, Open Issues, and Future Study Areas: A Study 1 Introduction 2 Forms of GANs 2.1 Conditional GAN 2.2 Vanilla GAN 2.3 DcGAN 2.4 CatGAN 2.5 WGAN 2.6 CoGAN 2.7 SaGAN 2.8 CycleGAN 2.9 ProGAN 2.10 StyleGAN 3 Training Difficulties of GANs 3.1 Standards for Assessment 3.2 Phase Burst 3.3 Destabilization and Non-convergence 4 Open Issues and Future Study Areas 5 Summary and Conclusion References CARSA—Smart Integrated Car Parking System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Design Study and Participants 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Contextual Inquiry 3.4 Competitive Analysis 3.5 Brainstorming and Conceptualization 4 Result 4.1 Competitive Analysis 4.2 Contextual Inquiry 4.3 Data Collection 5 Design Intervention 6 Usability Testing 7 Discussion 8 Limitations 9 Conclusion 10 Future Scope References An Approach to Extract Major Parameters of Legal Documents Using Text Analytics 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed Work 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References AR/VR-Based Comprehensive Framework for Virtual Convocation 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Literature Review 4 Existing System Architecture 5 Proposed Architecture 6 Conclusion References Oil Spill Detection in Ocean Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Oil Spill Detection Using Deep Learning 3.1 Simple Convolution Neural Network (CNN) 3.2 VGG19 3.3 Inception V3 3.4 Xception 3.5 DensNet-169 3.6 Inception-ResNet v2 3.7 CNN-LSTM 4 Implementation of Deep CNN Models 5 Performance Analysis of Deep CNN Models 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Roof Garden Irrigation and Drainage Automation Using Microcontroller 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Application 4 System Architecture 5 System Design 6 Programming 7 Future Works 8 User Feedback 9 Conclusion References Smart System to Reduce High-Beam Glare 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3  Process Diagram   4 Technical Specifications 5 Design and Implementation 5.1 Circuit Implementation Methodology 5.2 Working Proof and Result 5.3 Pseudocode 6 Limitations and Future Goals 7 Conclusion References Performance Enhancement of Photo Voltaic System for Rural Electrification in Higher Altitude Region: A Case Study in Uttarakhand, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Qualitative Results 4.2 Quantitative Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Wireless Motes in IoT 1 Introduction 1.1 Sensor 1.2 Processor/Controller and Memory 1.3 Battery and Radio Transceiver 2 Contiki OS and COOJA Emulator 3 Design Considerations 3.1 Power Consumption 3.2 Microcontroller, RF Module, and Life Time of Node 3.3 Scalability 3.4 Heterogeneity and Interoperability 3.5 Comparison of IoT Motes in Cooja 4 Experiment and Results 4.1 Experiment Setup 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Emotion Prediction of Comments in Twitch.Tv Livestream Environment 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset Description and Labelling 3.2 Pre-processing 3.3 Feature Extraction 3.4 Modelling 4 Results 4.1 Model Evaluation 4.2 Transfer Learning 5 Conclusion and Future Work References A Review of Deep Learning Healthcare Problems and Protection Supports 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methods: ML for Healthcare Problems and Its Challenges 4 Security, Privacy, and Robust Machine Learning for Health Care 5 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of Metamaterial Waveguide Antenna for Broadband Applications 1 Introduction 2 Analysis 3 Conclusion References Secure Messaging Application with Live Translation and Privacy 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 WhatsApp 2.2 Snapchat 2.3 Secure Messaging Application 2.4 Google Translate 2.5 Android Live Text Recognition and Translation Application Using Tesseract 2.6 Mobile Language Translator 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Text Translation 4.2 Screenshot Blocking Feature 5 Future Scope 6 Conclusion References A Survey of Different Approaches for Word Sense Disambiguation 1 Introduction 2 Disambiguation of Word Senses: Different Approaches 2.1 Supervised Approaches 2.2 Unsupervised Approaches 2.3 Semi-supervised Approaches 2.4 Knowledge-Based Approaches 2.5 Hybrid Approaches 3 Challenges in Word Sense Disambiguation 4 Proposed Methodology 5 Conclusion References Impact of ICT in Education: An Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1.2 Big Data 1.3 Avenues of Research 1.4 Faculty Development 1.5 Cloud Computing 1.6 Blockchain 1.7 5G 2 An Approach to Teach Literary Criticism Through Virtual Mode 3 Digitalization of Texts 4 Advantages of Teaching Literature Through Multimedia 5 Conclusion References Identification of Inter-ictal Activity from EEG Signal Using Scalograms with LeNet-5 Based Model 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data from Participants 2.2 Data Division 2.3 Development of Scalograms 2.4 Resizing Images 2.5 LeNet-5 Model 2.6 Hyperparameters 2.7 Validation Method 2.8 Evaluation Parameters 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Stock Market Price Prediction Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Exploration 3.3 Data Normalization 3.4 Data Augmentation 3.5 Defining Hyperparameters 4 Proposed System 5 Experiments and Results 6 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of the Radiation Characteristics of a Microstrip Antenna Array Resonating at 28 GHz for Satellite Applications 1 Introduction 2 A Review of the Literature 3 Materials and the Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Survey: Extraction of River Networks from Satellite Images 1 Introduction 2 Data Source and Study Area 2.1 Image Processing Techniques for Extraction of River Networks 2.2 CNN Method for Extraction of River Networks 2.3 Mapping Network Using Geo-Processing 3 Conclusion References UpAIsthiti: A Touchless Attendance System 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Solution 3.1 Face Detection 3.2 Face Encodings 3.3 Face Recognition 4 Methodology 5 System Design and Working 5.1 Users of the System 5.2 System Implementation 6 Results and Conclusion References Defect Discrimination of Mango Using Image Processing Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Battery Management System in EV Applications: Review, Challenges and Opportunities 1 Introduction 1.1 Need for BMS 2 Features of BMS 3 Techniques, Challenges and Opportunities of BMS 3.1 SOC Estimation Techniques 3.2 SOH Estimation Algorithm 3.3 Battery Modelling 3.4 Cell Balancing 4 Conclusion References Analysing Impact of Online Advertisement Using Internet on Consumer Buying Behaviour with Special Reference to Mobile Phone During Covid-19 and Pre-covid-19 Period 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Objective of the Study 4 Result Analysis and Findings of the Study 5 Conclusion References Comparative Analysis of Intra- and Inter-Prediction Compression Techniques for Endoscopic Videos 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Work 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References VREd: Virtual Reality in Engineering Education for Immersed and Interactive Learning: A Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 1.2 Methodology 2 Results and Discussions 3 Conclusion References Augmented Reality: Application of ICT Tools for Innovative Pedagogy 1 Introduction 2 Background of AR 3 Literature 3.1 AR in Education 3.2 Pedagogical Approach on AR 3.3 Uses of AR in Other Fields 4 Problem Definition and Proposed Design/Work 5 Results 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References Enhanced Gradual-N-Justification Methodology with Local Outlier Factor (LOF) for Hardware Trojan Detection 1 Introduction 2 Background Study 3 Motivation and Contributions 4 Methodology 4.1 COTD Analysis 4.2 Gradual-N-Justification Methodology 4.3 Outlier Detection Methodology 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References IoT-Based Automatic Irrigation Scheduling Using MQTT Protocol 1 Introduction 2 System Architecture 3 Communication Protocol 3.1 MQTT 4 Data Processing, Decision-Making, and Monitoring 5 Conclusion References Recognition of Struck Out Words Using a Deep Learning Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Convolutional Neural Network [CNN] 4 Applications 5 Results 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References IoT-Based Smart Monitoring of Soil Parameters for Agricultural Field 1 Introduction 2 IoT-Based Soil Health Monitoring 3 Hardware Used 3.1 NPK Sensor 3.2 Electric Conductivity Sensor (EC) 3.3 Soil Moisture Sensor 3.4 Microcontroller (NodeMCU ESP8266) 4 System Architecture 4.1 Communication Protocol (MQTT) 4.2 Client and Server Interaction 5 Monitoring of Data 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Dual-Active Bridge Converter with Single Phase-Shift Control for Distribution Solid-State Transformer 1 Introduction 2 History of DAB Converter and Circuit Configuration 3 Single-phase Shift (SPS) Control 4 Switching Scheme 5 Simulation Parameter and Result 6 Conclusion References Develop a Data Analytics Model for Employee’s Performance at Workplace to Increase the Productivity 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Objective 4 Research Methodology 5 Data Analysis 5.1 Objective 1: To Identify and Study the Major Factors that Affect Job Satisfaction Within the Organization 5.2 Objective 2: To Build a Predictive Model that will Examine the Degree of Increase or Decrease in Employees’ Work Productivity within an Organization with Respect to the Factors that Affect the Job Satisfaction in the Organization 6 Conclusion References Estimating Related Words Computationally Using Language Model from the Mahabharata an Indian Epic 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 .EPUB File Conversation into Data Structure 3.2 Text Cleaning 3.3 Tokenization 3.4 Text Normalization 3.5 The Language Model 4 Results 5 Conclusion 6 Future Scope References A Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection Using OpenCV, DLib 1 Introduction 1.1 Physiological Level Approach 1.2 Behavioural-Based Approach 2 Related Work 3 Technologies Used 3.1 OpenCV 3.2 Dlib 3.3 Android Application 4 Methodology 4.1 Pre-processing 4.2 Face Detection 4.3 Facial Mapping Using Dlib 4.4 Eye Closure Detection 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Operational Availability Optimization of Cooling Tower of Thermal Power Plants Using Swarm Intelligence-Based Metaheuristic Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Model Development 2.2 Optimization Strategies 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Conditional Variational Autoencoder-Based Sampling 1 Introduction 2 Literature 3 Autoencoder-Based Sampling 3.1 Variational Autoencoder 3.2 VAE-Based Sampling 4 Numerical Experiments 4.1 Experimental Data 4.2 Benchmarking 4.3 Results 5 Conclusion References Discerning of In-Somnolence Using Body Sensors to Predict Vital Measurements 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Insomonolence 4 Proposed Methodology 4.1 Sensor Subsystem 4.2 Web Service 5 Conclusion 6 Result References PROPHETESS: A Tool for Prediction of Prophage Loci in Bacterial Genomes 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Preprocessing or Pre-preparation Module (Core LPA) 2.2 Training Module (Core LPA) 2.3 Prediction Module (Core LPA) 2.4 Post-processing Module (Core LPA) 2.5 Batch Training Module 2.6 Batch Prediction Module 2.7 Evaluation Module 2.8 Batch Evaluation Module 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References IOT-Based Third Eye Glove for Smart Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Existing System 3 Proposed System for the Third Glove Eye Module 3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor 3.2 DHT11 Sensor 3.3 Heart Rate Sensor 3.4 Gsm 3.5 Gps 3.6 Voltage Regulator 3.7 IOT Output 3.8 Smart Glove 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Multimodal Peripheral Alert to Improve Teaching-Learning for Blended Classroom 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Alert System 4 Empirical Study and System Validation 4.1 Prototype Design 4.2 User Study 5 Discussion and Design Implications 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Sentinel-2 Data Processing for Pichavaram Mangrove Forest Using Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey on CNN for Image Feature Extraction 3 Proposed System 3.1 Data Augmentation 3.2 Data Preprocessing 3.3 CNN Algorithm 3.4 Land Map Classification 3.5 Finding Natural Parameters 3.6 Compare Accuracy 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Accuracy and Loss Graph of Training and Testing 4.2 CM 4.3 Natural Parameters 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Machine Learning Prediction if the Patient is at Risk of Undergoing Surgery Based on Preoperative Medical Reports 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset and Features 4 Learning Algorithms 5 Results 6 Conclusion and Future Work References A Comparative Analysis of Various Techniques of Data Leakage Detection in Different Domains 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Observation 4 Conclusion References Optimized Closest Pair Computation with CPU-GPU Combined Model 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Computing Closest Pair 3.1 Divide and Conquer Approach 3.2 Quick CP Algorithm 3.3 Proposed Methodology: Hybrid CP Algorithm 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Experimental Setup 5 Conclusion and Future Prospects References Classification of Pap Smear Image of Cervix Cell Using Machine Learning Techniques and Transfer Learning-Based Convolutional Neural Network Architecture and Scrutinizing Their Performances 1 Introduction 2 Dataset Description and Extracted Feature Preprocessing 3 Methodology 3.1 Feature Engineering 3.2 Machine Learning 3.3 Deep Learning 3.4 Metrics 4 Result 5 Conclusion References Author Index