ICT Analysis and Applications: Proceedings of ICT4SD 2021, Volume 2

Description

This book proposes new technologies and discusses future solutions for ICT design infrastructures, as reflected in high-quality papers presented at the 6th International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development (ICT4SD 2021), held in Goa, India, on 5–6 August 2021. The book covers the topics such as big data and data mining, data fusion, IoT programming toolkits and frameworks, green communication systems and network, use of ICT in smart cities, sensor networks and embedded system, network and information security, wireless and optical networks, security, trust, and privacy, routing and control protocols, cognitive radio and networks, and natural language processing. Bringing together experts from different countries, the book explores a range of central issues from an international perspective. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Cya, Lef, and Pag Genes Exists in px01 Plasmid of Bacillus Anthracis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 SequenceDataRetrieval 2.2 Phylogenetic Analysis 2.3 RelativeSynonymousCodonUsage (RSCU) Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Phylogenetic Analysis 3.2 RSCU Pattern 4 Conclusion References Constructing Digital Signature Algorithm Based on a New Key Scheme 1 Introduction 2 Some Hard Problems Can Be Applied to Construct Secure Digital Signature Schemes 2.1 Discrete Logarithm Problem 2.2 Root Problem 2.3 An Expanded Form of Hard Problems 3 Building Digital Signature Algorithm Based on a New Key Scheme 3.1 Proposed Key Scheme 3.2 Constructing Digital Signature Algorithm Based on the Proposed Key Scheme 4 Safety-Level Assessment of the Proposed Algorithm Based on the Proposed Key Scheme 5 Conclusion References Internet of Things (IoT), Three-Layer Architecture, Security Issues and Counter Measures 1 Introduction 2 The IoT Architecture 2.1 Three-Layer Architectures 3 Security Issues of Three Layer Architecture 3.1 Threats and the Vulnerabilities of Perception Layer 3.2 Threats and the Vulnerabilities of Network Layer 3.3 Threats and the Vulnerabilities of Application Layer 4 Counter Measures 4.1 Authentication 4.2 Authorization and Access Control 4.3 Secure Architecture 4.4 Block Chain 4.5 Cryptographic Algorithm/Encryption 5 Conclusion References Intermittent Leather Defect Detection Based on Ensemble Algorithms Derived from Black Hat Transformation and Hough Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Details of Various Techniques 3.1 De-noising 3.2 Edge Detection Technique 3.3 Black Hat Transformation 3.4 Hough Transformation 3.5 Ensemble Algorithm 3.6 Classification Method 4 Proposed Method 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Pre-processing 4.3 Proposed Model for Feature Extraction 4.4 Feature Selection and Classifications 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Dataset and Image Details 5.2 Performance Measures 6 Conclusion References Efficient Strategies to Manage Road Traffic Using Big Data Analytics 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Video Analysis 3.2 Storage of Data in HDFS and Congestion Degree Computation 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Travel Booking and Management Application: TravelBel 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed System 3.1 System Design 3.2 User's Interaction with the System 4 Comparison with Existing System 5 Results 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 IoT-Edge Environment 3 Blockchain Technology with IoT 4 Privacy and Security Challenges in IoT 4.1 Inadequate Security Standards Adopted by IoT Manufacturers 4.2 Lack of User Knowledge and Awareness on IoT Functionality 4.3 Vulnerabilities in IoT Device Updates 4.4 Detection of Rogue IoT Devices 4.5 Cryptomining with IoT Bots 4.6 Ransomware 4.7 DDoS Attack 5 Blockchain Based Mitigation of DDoS Attacks 6 Conclusion References Industry 4.0: An Overview and Further Research Directions 1 Introduction 1.1 Need of Industry 4.0 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Research Objective 2.2 Research Questions 2.3 Systematic Literature Review 3 Literature Review 3.1 Roadmap of Industry 4.0 3.2 Literature Review on Industry 4.0 Components 3.3 Literature Review—Definitions of Industry 4.0 3.4 Social Impact of Industry 4.0 3.5 Impact of Industry 4.0 on Business Environment 4 Implementation Plan for Industry 4.0 5 Issues and Challenges in Industry 4.0 6 Conclusion References A Comprehensive Survey on Trust Management in Fog Computing 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Fog Computing Architecture 2.2 Trust Management System 3 Related Works 4 Conclusions and Future Challenges References Personal Identification Using Fuzzy Approach and RSA Algorithm 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of Biometric System 1.2 Multimodal Biometrics 2 Fuzzy Logic 2.1 Why Fuzzy 2.2 Fuzzy Logic and Mutimodal 3 Fuzzy Inference System for Proposed Algorithm 4 Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) Algorithm 4.1 Accuracy Test of Proposed Algorithms 5 Conclusion References ICT and Administrative Reforms: A Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Research Method 3.1 Search Strategy 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Context of ICT 4.2 Reform Context 4.3 ICT Uses in AR 4.4 Factors Affecting ICT and Administrative Reform 5 Summary and Conclusions References Analysis of Fault Tolerance Techniques in Virtual Machine Environment 1 Introduction to Virtualization and Fault Tolerance 1.1 Virtualization 1.2 Failure Management 1.3 Conclusion References Analysis of Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Motive of Survey 2.1 Research Questions 3 Related Work 3.1 Symmetric Key Cryptography 3.2 Asymmetric Key Cryptography 4 Conclusion References A Hybrid Approach for Retrieving Geographic Information in Wireless Environment Using Indexing Technique 1 Introduction 2 Some of the Wireless Indexing Techniques 2.1 Hash-Scheme 2.2 B + Tree-Based Schemes 2.3 Huffman Wood Compression-Based Schemes (H.T.D.) 3 Related Work 4 Proposed Work 5 Experimental Results 5.1 Experimental Settings 5.2 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References A Survey on Human Action Recognition and Detection Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Conclusion and Future Scope References Parallel Algorithm to Efficiently Mine High Utility Itemset 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Statement 4 Proposed Algorithm 4.1 Hybrid Algorithm: CLB (ULB-Miner with CTU-PRO) 4.2 Extended ULB-Miner: PLB (ULB-Miner with Parallel Framework) 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion References A Review on Insulators in Transmission Line—Progress and Comparative Studies 1 Introduction 2 Type of Insulators 2.1 Ceramic and Porcelain Insulator 2.2 Glass Suspension Insulator 2.3 Non-ceramic Insulators 2.4 Silicone Rubber 2.5 Polymer Insulator 2.6 Nanodielectrics 3 Properties for Performance Analysis 3.1 High Thermal Conductivity 3.2 Heat Resistance 3.3 Low-Temperature Resistance 3.4 Water Absorption 3.5 Corona Resistance 4 Comparison of Ceramic and Polymer Insulating Materials 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Security and Privacy Issues of Blockchain Technology in Health Care—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Blockchain in Health Care 3 Related Work 4 Challenges Faced by Blockchain Healthcare 5 Conclusion References Hardware Trojan Detection Using Deep Learning-Generative Adversarial Network and Stacked Auto Encoder Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Overview 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Feature Extraction 3.2 Data Preprocessing 3.3 Classification Model 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Feature Extraction 4.2 Synthetic Data Generation 4.3 Hardware Trojan Classification 5 Conclusion References Automatic Credit Fraud Detection Using Ensemble Model 1 Introduction 2 Existing Works 3 Proposed System Design 4 Data Preprocessing 5 Data Analysis 6 User Interface 7 Results and Discussion 7.1 Comparative Analysis 7.2 Ensemble Learning Analysis 7.3 Prediction Analysis 8 Conclusion and Future Scope References Blockchain in Education Sector – Boon or Curse 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Discussion 3.1 Educational Applications Developed with Blockchain Technology 3.2 Blockchain Technology Benefits to Education 3.3 Results 3.4 Challenges of Integrating Blockchain Technology in Education 3.5 Graphs of Benefits vs Challenges 4 Conclusion References Image Feature Generation Using Binary Patterns—LBP, SLBP and GBP 1 Introduction 2 Local Binary Pattern (LBP) 3 Significant Local Binary Pattern (SLBP) 4 Gradient Binary Pattern (GBP) 5 Applications 6 Elucidation of LBP, SLBP and GBP 7 Conclusion and Future Enhancement References Location Dependent Safety Application for Women 1 Introduction 2 Literature Study 2.1 Android Applications 2.2 IoT-Based Approach 2.3 ML Approach 3 Conclusion References A Review of Adaptive and Intelligent Online Learning Systems 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Description of the Proposed Approach 4 Conclusion 5 Limitations and Future Work References Background Manipulation with Computer Vision 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 Computer Vision (CV) 1.3 OpenCV 2 Literature Review 3 Implementation 3.1 Proposed Algorithm 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Swear Words Replacement Suggestion System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed System 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions and Future Work References A Review of Deduplicate and Significance of Using Fuzzy Logic 1 Introduction 1.1 Fuzzy Set Theory 1.2 Fuzzy Logic 2 Review of Literature 3 Matching Techniques 4 Conclusion References SIoT (Social Internet of Things): A Review 1 Introduction 2 SIoT 2.1 History of SIoT 2.2 SIoT: The Next Logical Step? 3 Components of SIoT 3.1 Architecture of SIoT 3.2 Relationship in SIoT 3.3 Trust Management 4 Literature Survey 5 Conclusion References STAT Simple Text Annotation Tool (STAT): Web-based Tool for Creating Training Data for spaCy Models 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Custom Entity Classes 2.2 Easy Upload and Deletion of Text Files 2.3 Easy Creation and Deletion of Entity Classes 2.4 Beginner-Level Friendly 2.5 For Internal Use 3 Implementation 3.1 Login Module 3.2 Logout Module 3.3 Class Creation/Deletion Module 3.4 Database Module 3.5 Editor Module 4 Features 4.1 Multiple File Uploads 4.2 Security 4.3 Custom Entity Creation 4.4 Download of Labeled Entities 4.5 Supports ASCII Format 5 Conclusion 6 Future Scope References Credential-Based Authentication Mechanism for IoT Devices in Fog-Cloud Computing 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Fog-Cloud System Model 4 The Proposed Authentication Mechanism 5 Simulation and Results Analysis 5.1 Simulation Environment 5.2 Results Analysis 6 Conclusions References NAYAN-DRISHTI: A Revolutionary Navigation/Visual Aid for the Visually Impaired 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Survey of Existing Systems 2.2 Limitations of the Systems on Research Gap 2.3 Problem Statement and Objective 2.4 Scope 3 Models and Setups 3.1 Object Detection and Recognition 3.2 Dataset Used 3.3 Activation Function Used 3.4 Obstacle Distance Sensing 3.5 Location Sensing 3.6 Wireless Sound 4 Mathematical Model 4.1 Object Detection and Recognition 4.2 Ultrasonic Distance Sensing 5 Results 5.1 Object Detection and Recognition 5.2 Obstacle Distance Sensing 5.3 Live Location Sensing 6 Future Scope 7 Conclusions References Hygieia: Smart Health and Sanitizing Dispenser 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Methodology 3.1 Hardware Specifications 3.2 Software Specifications 4 Result and Analysis 5 Conclusion 6 Future Scope References Designing an Algorithm to Support Optimized Crop Selection by Farmers 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Factors that Affect Crop Selection 2.2 Applications of Machine Learning (ML) in Crop Optimization 2.3 Applications of ICT in Agriculture 3 Krishi Mitr Mobile Application and Crop-Selection Algorithm 3.1 User Profile 3.2 Natural Resources Module 3.3 Agricultural Inputs and Technologies Module 3.4 Agricultural Finances Module 3.5 Determining the Final Recommendations for Farmers 4 Deployment of the Krishi Mitr Mobile Application 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Security in Industrial Control Systems Using Machine Learning Algorithms: An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Attacks on IIoT 3 Machine Learning in ICS Security 3.1 Intrusion Detection System 4 Literature Review Regarding IIoT Security 5 Conclusion References Channelising Digitalisation Amidst COVID-19 Outbreak: Case of Multichannel ICTs in Pakistan 1 Introduction 2 Contextualising Digitalisation and Digital Identity in Pakistan 3 Digital Dividends Amidst COVID-19 Outbreak 3.1 Branchless Banking on the Rise 3.2 Digitalisation of Poverty Data for Cash Disbursement 3.3 The Health Story—Telehealth via Digital Hubs and Apps 3.4 Going Old School—Television to Save the Next Generation 4 Conclusion References VLSI Design Flow Using Vinyas Design Bot 1 Introduction 2 Vinyas Design Bot 2.1 Requirement Processor 2.2 Requirements in Text, Verbal or Standard 2.3 Logic Extraction and Optimization 2.4 Behavioral Modeling 3 Design Cases 3.1 Design Case: ALU Design Using Vinyas Design Bot 3.2 Design Case: I2C Design Using Vinyas Design Bot 4 Conclusion References Detection and Classification of Brain Tumor Using MRI Images 1 Introduction 2 Lacuna in the Existing System 3 Related Work 4 Material and Methods 4.1 Datasets 4.2 Data Augmentation 4.3 Model Used 5 Material and Methods 6 Future Scope 7 Conclusion References Online Food Delivery (OFD) System: An Empirical Study of the Polarization of Potential Consumers and Investigating the Association Between the Determinants Molding the Polarization During COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 4 Data Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Accident Hotspot Detection by DB-Scan Clustering 1 Introduction 2 Technology and Requirements 2.1 Technologies Used 2.2 Requirements 3 Implementation 3.1 Execution Plan 3.2 Clustering 3.3 Implemented Algorithm 4 Result 5 Conclusion References AI Powered Language Teaching Bot Using Dialogflow 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Design Phase 3.2 Development Phase 4 Algorithm 5 Data Preparation 6 Output 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Analyses of Feature Selection and Classification Techniques for Diabetes Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Diabetes Prediction Techniques 2.1 Machine Learning-Based Techniques 2.2 Deep Learning-Based Techniques 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Analysis of Marketing Mix and Website Performance on E-marketplace of Agricultural Products 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Method 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Machine Learning Approach for Gait Based Human Authentication in Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed Work 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Blockchain for Fool-Proof E-Voting Systems 1 Introduction 2 A Review of Blockchain-Enabled Electronic Voting Systems 3 Use Cases of Blockchain-Enabled e-Voting System 4 Challenges 5 Conclusion References UAV System Using Convolutional Neural Network (1. Angle Prediction Model) 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Methodology 3.2 Control Surface Interface 4 Dataset 5 Results and Conclusion References Blockchain for Aviation Industry: Applications and Used Cases 1 Introduction 1.1 Blockchain and Aircraft 1.2 Blockchain and Airlines 1.3 Blockchain and Airports 1.4 Intra-Industry Payments and Settlement of Accounts 1.5 Frequent Flyer Programs (FFPs) 1.6 PNR and Other Records 2 Conclusion References Diabetes Mellitus Prediction Using Ensemble Learning Approach with Hyperparameterization 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Approach 4 Algorithm Valuation 4.1 Naïve Bayes 4.2 Random Forest [RF] 4.3 XGBoost 5 Performance Evaluation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Fairness, Accountability, Sustainability, Transparency (FAST) of Artificial Intelligence in Terms of Hospitality Industry 1 Introduction 2 AI Ethics 3 The FAST Track Principles 3.1 Fairness 3.2 Accountability 3.3 Sustainability 3.4 Transparency 4 Role of AI in Hospitality Industry 4.1 AI and Hospitality Sector 5 Conclusion References Analysis of ECG Signal Processing for Smart Medical Technologies 1 Introduction 2 ECG Signal Processing in Medical Technologies 2.1 ECG Noises 2.2 Signal Processing in ECG Measurements 3 Result and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Technical Analytical Study to Forecast the Buy-Sell Signal to Determine Investment Strategy for Maximize the ROI 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Model 4 Implementation and Result Implementation 5 Conclusion References A Machine Learning and Deep Neural Network Approach in Industrial Control Systems 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Dataset Collection 4 Methodology 4.1 Data Mining 4.2 Feature Selection 5 Proposed Model 5.1 Machine Learning Models 5.2 Deep Learning Models 5.3 Model Evaluation Metrics 6 Result and Discussion 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Positioning Based on Global Navigation Satellite System 1 Introduction 1.1 Usage of GNSS in Digital Tachograph 1.2 Criteria for Measuring Performance GNSS in Digital Tachograph 2 Literature Survey 3 Existing System 3.1 Approaches to Convert GNSS Coordinates to RMC 3.2 GNSS Implementation in DTCO 4 Proposed System 4.1 Proposed System Architecture for Usage of GNSS in Digital Tachograph 4.2 Proposed Design Flow for Recording GNSS in Digital Tachograph 4.3 Proposed Algorithm for Visualization of Digital Map 5 Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion References Online Teaching Tools: Challenges and Their Solutions During a Pandemic Available in India 1 Introduction 2 Interactive Teaching Tools Available for Online Teaching 2.1 Google Classroom 2.2 Microsoft Teams 2.3 Zoom 2.4 Virtual Labs 2.5 YouTube 2.6 Cisco Webex Meetings 2.7 Kahoot 2.8 Seesaw 2.9 Khan Academy 2.10 EPathshala 3 Comparison of Tools 3.1 Offline Availability 3.2 Network Requirements 3.3 Ease 3.4 Security 3.5 Privacy 4 Challenges During Use of Online Teaching Tools 4.1 Technological Challenges 4.2 Lack of Desire Among Online Learners 4.3 Separation 4.4 Time Consuming 4.5 Remembering Schedules 5 Conclusion References Cloud Computing in a Distributed Environment Implemented with Networking Technologies 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Model 4 Result Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Detection of Insider Threat Based on Forensic Analysis of Windows 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 System Architecture 3.1 Dataset Generation 3.2 Ontology 3.3 Threat Score 4 Experiment Implementation 5 Scenarios 5.1 Scenario 1–Exfiltration of Sensitive Data 5.2 Scenario 2–Remotely Accessing the Network from Home 6 Conclusion and Future Work References License Plate Recognition for Stolen Vehicles Using Optical Character Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion 5 Recommendation References A Meta-Analysis on Online Classes for Hotel Management Students at Chennai During Covid-19 1 Introduction 1.1 Impact on Hotel Management Education 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Mean Statistics 4.2 Online Class Acceptance on APP 4.3 Online Class Acceptance on Favorite APP 4.4 Correlation Analysis on Variables of Online Classes 4.5 Linear Regression 4.6 Anova Test 5 A Discussion on Teaching and Learning 6 Conclusion References Traveling Salesman Problem Solution Using Plate Tectonics Based Neighborhood Search Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Plate Tectonics Based Optimization–Intuition and Discussion 4 Proposed Methodology for Solving TSP Using PBO Search 4.1 Steps of Algorithm 5 Results 6 Conclusion and Future Work References An Optimistic Approach for Managing the Handover Latency by Using Dynamic Data in Software Defined Networks (SDN) 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Datasets 4 Proposed System 5 Experiments 6 Results 7 Conclusion References The 3D Facemask Recognition: Minimization for Spreading COVID-19 and Enhance Security 1 Introduction 2 Previous Studies 3 Methodology 3.1 Design and Implements a New User-Defined Model 3.2 Discussion About Pre-Defined VGG16 Model 3.3 Discussion About Adding Gaussian Noise to the Image Dataset 4 Discussion About FDS Model 5 Conclusion References ICT Enabled Cloud Cafeteria of Corporate Companies with a Customized App for Employee’s Expediency 1 Introduction 1.1 ICT with Cloud Computing 1.2 Network Authentication with ICT 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Correlations 3.2 Regression Outcome 4 Conclusion References Influence of Probing Action Costs on Adversarial Decision-Making in a Deception Game 1 Introduction 2 Deception Game 3 Influence of Different Probe Action Costs on Adversary’s Decisions 4 Methods 4.1 Experiment Design 4.2 Stimuli 4.3 Participants 5 Results 5.1 Influence of Different Probe Costs on Adversarial Decisions During Probe and Attack Stages 5.2 Influence of Different Cost Conditions Over the Trials on Adversarial Decisions During Probe Stage 5.3 Influence of Different Cost Conditions Over the Trials on Adversarial Decisions During Attack Stage 6 Discussion References Impact of Digital Wellbeing in Intelligent Knowledge Management Systems 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Role of Digital Wellbeing in the Field of Intelligent Education Systems 3.1 Challenges Faced by Intelligent Education Systems 4 Role of Digital Wellbeing in the Intelligent Healthcare Systems 4.1 Challenges in the Field of Intelligent Healthcare Systems 5 Role of Digital Wellbeing in the Field of Intelligent Agriculture Systems 5.1 Challenges Faced by Digital Wellbeing in the Field of Intelligent Agriculture Systems 6 Impact Analysis 7 Conclusion References Social Media Community Using Optimized Clustering Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Literature Survey 4 System Architecture 5 Methodology 6 Expected Outcome 7 Result 8 Conclusion References Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation in Order to Improve the Performance of Power System Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Distributed Generation 1.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (Pso) 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 Results for IEEE 9 Bus System 2.2 Results of Voltage Profile for 24 Bus and Branch System 2.3 Results of Voltage Profile for 30 Bus and Branch System 3 Conclusion References E-Aid: Open Wound Identifier and Analyzer Using Smartphone Through Captured Image 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Theoretical Framework 4 Problem Statement 4.1 General Objectives 4.2 Specific Objectives 5 Scope and Limitation 5.1 Scope 5.2 Limitations 6 Figures 7 Survey Analysis 8 Conclusion 9 Recommendation References Intelligently Trained Elman Neural Network-Based MPPT for Photovoltaic Systems 1 Introduction 2 The Structure of Proposed Online Trained Elman Neural Network MPPT Algorithm 2.1 PV Generator Modelling 2.2 DC-DC Boost Converter Control Scheme 3 Simulation Results 3.1 Variable Load Situations 3.2 Variable Irradiation and Load Situations 3.3 Variable Temperature and Load Situations 4 Conclusions References Automatic HTML Code Generation Using Image Processing 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Dataset 4 Approach 5 Methods 5.1 Object Detection and Cropping 5.2 Object Classification 5.3 HTML Code Generation 6 Results 7 Conclusion References A Detailed Review on Text Extraction Using Optical Character Recognition 1 Introduction 2 OCR Process Flow 2.1 Image Acquisition 2.2 Pre-processing 2.3 Segmentation 2.4 Classification and Recognition 2.5 Post-processing 3 OCR Methods 3.1 Matrix Matching 3.2 Fuzzy Logic 3.3 Extraction of features 3.4 Structural Analysis 3.5 Neural Networks 4 Data Extraction from Specified Documents 4.1 Exam Answer Sheets 4.2 Print Bills and Invoices 4.3 Newspaper & Comics 4.4 Multilingual Documents 5 OCR Platforms 5.1 Google Docs OCR 5.2 Tesseract OCR 5.3 ABBYY FineReader 5.4 Transym 5.5 I2OCR 6 Future Work 7 Conclusion References Cyber Threats Landscape Overview Under the New Normal 1 Introduction 2 Comparison of Cyber Attack 3 Comparisons of Cyber Attack Types and Target Industries 4 New Types of Threats in 2021 4.1 Cloud-Native Threats 4.2 Leaky Buckets: A List of Cloud Misconfiguration Threats 5 Data Breaches in Reported from India 6 Conclusions References Vulnerability Analysis of Bluetooth Technology for Defensive Application 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Technical Aspects of Bluetooth 4 Bluetooth Fingerprinting and Service Mapping 5 Experimental Set-Up 6 Conclusion References A Recommendation System to Support the Student to Choose a Role in the College Election 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Algorithm 3.1 Section 1 3.2 Section 2 3.3 Section 3 3.4 Section 4 3.5 Section 5 4 Advantages and Disadvantages 5 Future Work and Conclusion 6 Conclusion Finite Element Method-Based Artificial Neural Network 1 Finite Element Method 2 Artificial Neural Networks 3 FEM-Based ANN for Element Extraction 4 Conclusion References An Ellipse Slotted Vivaldi Antenna for 5G Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design Methodology and Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Impact of Data Mining on HCC Prediction: Survey 1 Introduction 2 Prediction Analytics 3 Methodology 3.1 Logistics Regression (LR) 3.2 Naive Bayes (NB) 3.3 Decision Tree (DT) 3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 3.5 Random Forest (RF) 3.6 K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) 4 Literature Review 5 Conclusion References Implementation of UVM Agents for Hexagon Subsystem RTL 1 Introduction 2 PLL and Clock Generator 3 UVM 4 UVM Testbench for PLL 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Detecting DDoS Attacks on Web Applications Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 System Architecture 4 Implementation 5 Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion References Geospatial Technology and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-Based Discrimination of Groundwater Potential Zones in Vijayawada–Mangalagiri Region, Andhra Pradesh 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Data Requirements and Methodology 4 Analysis of Results 4.1 Drainage Density and Soil Map 4.2 Elevation and Slope Map 4.3 Rainfall and Land Use/Land Cover Map 4.4 Analysis of Groundwater Potential Zones 4.5 Decision Matrix 5 Conclusion References IoT Application for Spruce Fire Detection in Rwanda 1 Introduction and Background 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Research Design 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Achieving Sustainable Village Development Through Geo-information Application 1 Introduction and Background 2 GIS and Its Importance 2.1 Integrated Spatio-economic Planning Framework for Rural Settlements 3 Objectives 4 Methodology 5 Case of Burgula Panchayat 6 Results 6.1 Thematic Layers 6.2 Interactive Performance Management Dashboard 7 Discussion and Conclusion References An Analytical Overview of the State-Wise Impact of COVID-19 in India 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Set Desciption 3.2 Tools Used 4 Analysis 5 Evaluation 6 Discussions and Conclusions References An Analysis of FIPP Clauses with Respect to Data Lifecycle Phases and Privacy Properties 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Background 3.1 Fair Information Practice Principles 3.2 Data Lifecycle 3.3 Privacy Properties 4 Analysis of FIPP Clauses Considering the Stages of Data Lifecycle and Privacy Properties 4.1 Relationship of FIPP Clauses with Data Lifecycle Phases 4.2 Relationship of FIPP Clauses with Privacy Properties 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Mobile Deployed Measurement of RF Man-Made Noise Making Use of RTL-SDR 1 Introduction 2 RF MMN Monitoring System Design 3 Optimization of RF MMN Monitoring Results 3.1 Identifying the Effects of Inherent and Transportation RF Noise 3.2 Selective Sampling 4 Measurement Data Collection Results 5 Conclusions References Use of Blockchain Technology in Agriculture Domain 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Observation 4 Comparative Analysis 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Impedance Matching Technique on Broadband Powerline Communication Network Topologies 1 Introduction 1.1 Discrete Multi-tone Modulation 1.2 Loop Topology Estimation 1.3 Powerline Modelling 1.4 Powerline Noise 1.5 Tone Loading Algorithms and Channel Capacity 2 Proposed Methods 2.1 The Channel Model 2.2 Loop Topology Estimation 2.3 Multi-point CTDR Method 2.4 FDR Verification 3 Simulation Analysis 3.1 Simulation Conditions 3.2 Result of Topology Estimation 3.3 Effect of Inductive Loads and Input Impedance on the Channel Characteristics 3.4 Bridge Taps with Inductive Load 3.5 Adaptive Impedance Matching 3.6 Proposed Impedance Matching with T and π Filters 3.7 Channel Capacity in the Presence of Periodic Impulsive Noise and Inductive Load 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 5 Channel Capacity Estimation 6 Conclusion References Automated People Monitoring System Using OpenCV and Raspberry Pi 1 Introduction 2 Integrating Raspberry Pi with OpenCV 2.1 OpenCV Fundamentals 3 The Viola–Jones Detector 4 Understanding Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) 4.1 SVM Detector and HOG Descriptor Parameter Tuning 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Sign Language Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Deep Learning Classification Models 3.1 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 4 Future Scope 5 Conclusion References Covid Waste Management Using IoT: A Smart Framework 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Smart Covid Waste Management Framework 3.1 Smart Covid Waste Bin (SCWB) Structure 3.2 Sequence of Activities in the Framework: 3.3 Advantages of the Proposed Framework 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References Phishing URL Detection and Vulnerability Assessment of Web Applications Using IVS Attributes with XAI 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed System 4 Results Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References A Smart Device for Power Theft Detection 1 Introduction 1.1 Control of Power Theft Using Observer Meter 2 Block Diagram and System Specification 2.1 Block Diagram 2.2 System Specifications 3 Methodology and Results 3.1 Simulation Results 3.2 Communication and Alert Notification 4 Conclusion References Author Index