Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids: Optimisation, control, and hardware-in-the-loop validation

Description

Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids: Optimisation, control, and hardware-in-the-loop validation provides a structured overview of research into techniques for managing microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs). The DERs including distributed generators, energy storage systems, and flexible loads are posing both challenges and opportunities to microgrids' security, planning, operation, and control. Advanced operation and control techniques are needed to coordinate these components in the microgrids and maintain power quality, as well as keeping the system economically feasible. This book is for researchers and students in the area of smart grids, power engineering, and control engineering, as well as for advanced students, transmission network and grid operators. It focuses on cutting-edge techniques for secure, economic, and robust operation and control of microgrids. Effective coordination of DERs on both temporal and spatial scales are introduced in detail. Topics covered include comprehensive mathematical models of DERs and microgrids, sizing and siting of DERs under uncertainties, stochastic and robust optimisation for active and reactive power dispatch of DERs in microgrids, distributed coordinated control, and hardware-in-the-loop tests for validation of control algorithms. Contents About the authors Foreword Preface Part I: Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids: Preliminaries 1. Distributed energy resources: introduction and classification 1.1 Background 1.2 Definition and classification References 2. Microgrids: introduction and research problem descriptions 2.1 Definition 2.2 Microgrid architecture and classification 2.3 Planning of DER units in microgrid 2.4 Microgrid operation 2.5 Microgrid control 2.6 Microgrid stability References Part II: Coordinated Planning of DERs in Micogrids: Optimal Sizing and Siting 3. Composite sensitivity factor-based method for DG planning Nomenclature 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sensitivity factors 3.3 Power loss and voltage stability assessment indices 3.4 Composite sensitivity factor-based method 3.5 Case study 3.6 Conclusion References 4. Probability-weighted robust optimisation method for DG planning Nomenclature 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Mathematical formulation 4.3 Probability-weighted robust optimisation 4.4 Case study 4.5 Conclusion References 5. Multi-stage stochastic programming method for multi-energy DG planning Nomenclature 5.1 Introduction 5.2 MEMG modelling 5.3 Mathematical modelling for DG placement 5.4 Solution method 5.5 Test system set-up and case study 5.6 Simulation results and discussions 5.7 Conclusion Appendix A References 6. Stochastic planning of heterogeneous energy storage (HES) in residential MEMG Nomenclature 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Modelling of the residential MEMG 6.3 Mathematic modelling for HES deployment 6.4 Solution method 6.5 Simulation results 6.6 Conclusion and future work Appendix A References Part III: Coordinated Operation of DERs in Microgrids: Energy Management and Voltage Regulation 7. Hourly coordination of energy storage and direct load control Nomenclature 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Two-stage coordination of ES operation and DLC 7.3 Mathematical formulation 7.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method 7.5 Case study 7.6 Conclusion References 8. Daily coordination of microturbines and demand response Nomenclature 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Two-stage coordination of day-ahead demand response and microturbine dispatch 8.3 Mathematical formulation 8.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method 8.5 Case study 8.6 Conclusion References 9. Optimal dispatch of MEMGs Nomenclature 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Multi-energy microgrid modelling 9.3 Coordinated optimal dispatch 9.4 Case studies 9.5 Conclusions References 10. Temporally coordinated dispatch of MEMGs under diverse uncertainties Nomenclature 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Multi-energy microgrid modelling 10.3 Proposed operation method 10.4 Mathematical formulation 10.5 Solution method 10.6 Simulation results 10.7 Conclusion and future work References 11. Robustly optimal dispatch of MEMGs with flexible loads Nomenclature 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Two-stage coordinated operation of multi-energy microgrid 11.3 Mathematical formulation 11.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method 11.5 Case study 11.6 Conclusion References 12. Multi-timescale coordinated voltage/var control optimisation 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Multi-timescale coordinated voltage/var regulation 12.3 Mathematical formulation 12.4 Two-stage stochastic programming model 12.5 Simulation test results 12.6 Conclusions References 13. Three-stage robust inverter-based voltage/var control optimisation Nomenclature 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Three-stage robust inverter-based voltage/var control 13.3 Mathematical formulation 13.4 Two-stage robust optimisation method 13.5 Case study 13.6 Conclusion References Part IV: Coordinated real-time control of DERs: distributed controller design and hardware-in-the-loop tests 14. Power system frequency control by aggregated energy storage systems 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Proposed frequency control scheme 14.3 Proposed disturbance observer 14.4 Distributed finite-time control of ESA 14.5 Results and discussions 14.6 Conclusion Appendix A References 15. Power system frequency support by grid-interactive smart buildings 15.1 Introduction 15.2 System modelling 15.3 Proposed control framework for GISBs 15.4 Results and discussions 15.5 Conclusions Appendix References 16. Decentralised-distributed hybrid voltage control by inverter-based DERs 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Voltage control in distribution networks 16.3 Proposed hybrid voltage control 16.4 Simulation studies 16.5 Conclusion References 17. Two-level distributed voltage/var control by aggregated PV inverters 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Proposed VVC architecture 17.3 Lower-level VVC 17.4 Upper-level VVC 17.5 Simulation results 17.6 Conclusion Appendix A References 18. Event-triggered control of DERs and controller hardware-in-the-loop validation 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Cyber-physical Microgrids 18.3 Distributed event-triggered secondary control 18.4 Controller hardware-in-the-loop implementation 18.5 Experimental test results 18.6 Conclusion References 19. Three-level coordinated voltage control of DERs and power hardware-in-the-loop validation 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Preliminaries 19.3 Three-level coordinated voltage control 19.4 Stability analysis 19.5 Power hardware-in-the-loop experimental tests 19.6 Conclusion References Index