Introduction to nanoscience and nanomaterials

Description

Intro Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2 : Surfaces 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The solidâ#x80 #x93 vapor interface 2.2.1 Surface energy 2.2.2 Equilibrium shape of a crystal 2.2.3 Structure of nanoclusters 2.2.3.1 Icosahedron (Ih) 2.2.3.2 Decahedron (Dh) 2.2.4 Surface reconstruction and surface relaxation 2.2.4.1 Surface relaxation 2.2.4.2 Surface reconstruction 2.2.4.3 Reconstructed surfaces as templates for nanostructures 2.2.5 Surface defects and crystal defects 2.2.5.1 Defects on the vicinal surfaces 2.2.5.2 Crystal defects. 2.2.6 Effect of surface curvature2.2.6.1 Chemical potential at the curved surfaces 2.2.6.2 Pressure under a curved surface 2.2.6.3 Vapor pressure over a curved surface 2.2.6.4 Vacancy concentration under a curved surface 2.2.6.5 Solubility of curved surfaces 2.2.7 Examples and applications 2.2.7.1 Melting point of nanoparticles 2.2.7.2 Coarsening of particles â#x80 #x94 the Ostwald ripening 2.2.7.3 Sintering of solids 2.2.7.4 Condensation of vapor in a capillary: agglomeration of nanoparticles due to pendular forces 2.3 The solidâ#x80 #x93 liquid interface 2.3.1 The surface tension. 2.3.2 The contact angle2.3.3 The contact angle hysteresis 2.3.4 Superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic and self cleaning surfaces 2.3.4.1 Increase in contact angle on rough hydrophobic surfaces: the â#x80 #x9C lotus effectâ#x80 #x9D 2.3.4.2 The Wenzel and the Cassieâ#x80 #x93 Baxter equations 2.3.4.3 Superhydrophilic surfaces: Enhanced hydrophilicity due to surface roughness 2.3.4.4 Examples of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces by nanostructuring 2.3.4.5 Titania coated superhydrophilic and self cleaning surfaces Appendix 2.1 : Melting point of nanoparticles Problems. Chapter 3 : Zero Dimensional Nanostructures I Review of Some Topics in Physics3.1 Introduction 3.2 Size dependence of properties in the nanometer range 3.3 Review of some topics in physics 3.3.1 Particle and wave: The Schrodinger equation 3.3.1.1 The hydrogen atom 3.3.1.2 A free particle 3.3.1.3 Particle in an infinite potential square well 3.3.2 Free electron model of a solid 3.3.3 Electron in a periodic potential: the occurrence of the band gap 3.3.4 Reciprocal lattice and the Brillouin zone 3.3.4.1 The reciprocal lattice 3.3.4.2 The Brillouin zones. 3.3.5 The band structures of semiconductors3.3.6 Energy levels within the band gap â#x80 #x94 shallow traps and the deep traps 3.3.6.1 Shallow traps in doped semiconductors 3.3.6.2 Deep level traps 3.3.7 Characteristic lengths in the nanometer range 3.3.7.1 de Broglie Wavelength 3.3.7.2 Mean free path of electrons 3.3.7.3 Exciton and Bohr exciton radius 3.3.7.4 Other length scales 3.3.8 The Density of States function for low dimensional systems 3.3.8.1 The quantum well 3.3.8.2 The quantum wire 3.3.8.3 The quantum dot Problems Chapter 4 : Semiconductor quantum dots 4.1 Introduction.