Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy

Description

Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy focuses on agriculturally important microorganisms (AIM’s) that are indigenous to soil and roots of the plant. These microbes contributing to nutrient balance, growth regulators, suppressing pathogens, alleviate stress response, orchestrating immune response and improving crop performance as they are offering sustainable and alternative solutions to the use of chemicals in agriculture. As plant microbe synergy is an enthralling subject, is multidisciplinary in nature, and concerns scientists involved in applied, and environmental microbiology and plant health and plant protection, Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy is an ideal resource that emphasizes the current trends of, and probable future of, microbes mediated amelioration of abiotic and biotic stress, agriculture sustainability, induced systemic tolerance and plant health protection. Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy discloses the microbial interaction for stress management and provides a better understanding to know the recent mechanisms to cope these environmental stresses. Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy bridges the gap in recent advances in the microbes interaction and rhizosphere engineering. Front Cover Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy Copyright Contents Contributors Chapter 1 Multiomics strategies for alleviation of abiotic stresses in plants Introduction Plant responses to abiotic stress Abiotic stress alleviation by microbes Drought stress Salinity stress Heavy metal stress Heat stress Microbe-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in plants: The omics approaches Genomics Transcriptomics Metagenomics Proteomics Metabolomics Induction of abiotic stress-responsive genes for stress relief by PGPB Conclusions and future perspectives Acknowledgments References Chapter 2 Recent advances in the application of microbial inoculants in the phytoremediation of xenobiotic compounds Introduction Phytoextraction Rhizofiltration Phytostabilization Rhizospheric microbes for pollutant degradation Conclusions and future perspectives References Chapter 3 Multifaceted roles of root exudates in light of plant-microbe interaction Introduction Chapter review methodology Root exudates: Natural rhizodeposits of plants Root exudates Border cells Mucilage Gaseous components Factors affecting the release of root exudates Physical factors Chemical factors Biological factors The mechanism of root exudation The role of root exudates in plant-microbe communication Positive interactions: Root colonization and stress tolerance Nitrogen-fixing symbionts Mycorrhizal associations Endophytic associations Plant-PGPR interactions Biotic stress tolerance: Biocontrol Abiotic stress tolerance: Bioremediation Negative interactions: Root exudate-mediated antagonistic activities Secretion of antimicrobials Biofilm inhibition Quorum-sensing mimics Tripartite interactions between plants, microbes, and nematodes The effects of root exudates on shaping rhizospheric microbial communities Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 4 Elicitins as microbe-associated molecular patterns and their role in plant defense Introduction Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) Induced systemic resistance (ISR) Elicitins Conclusions References Chapter 5 Molecular insights into stress-responsive genes in the mitigation of environmental stresses Introduction Stress: Abiotic and biotic Abiotic stress Biotic stress Impact of stresses on plant productivity Plant approaches for adaptation and mitigation against stresses Adaptations Mitigation Stress-responsive genes for mitigating abiotic stress responses in plants Drought Temperature stress Heat stress Cold stress Light and radiation stress Salinity stress Heavy metal stress Stress-responsive genes for mitigating biotic stress responses in plants Microbes and pathogens Nematodes Insects Conclusions References Further reading Chapter 6 Microbial diversity and root exudates as an important facet in the rhizosphere ecosystem Introduction Plants releasing root exudates Types and forms of root exudates Variations in the metabolite profile among growth forms and within species Microbial diversity in response to root exudates Plant–plant interaction The mechanism of transport of root exudates into the rhizoplane Conclusions References Chapter 7 Advantages of using halotolerant/halophilic bacteria in agriculture Introduction Halophilic/halotolerant bacteria and their importance in agricultural applications Alteration of the levels of plant hormones Nitrogen fixation Siderophore production Phosphate solubilization Antagonistic activity of halophilic bacteria EPS production Application of halophilic/halotolerant bacteria as plant growth-promoting agents Conclusions References Chapter 8 Inflection of the root microbiome by plants: Plant growth promotion and disease management Introduction Interactions between plants and the microbiota and associated soil Ecology of plant microbiomes Endophytes Epiphytes Rhizobiomes Plant microbiome function and interaction Nutrient acquisition and growth promotion Disease suppression Stress tolerance Factors affecting plant microbiomes Apprenticing and modulating plant microbiomes Plant–microbiome operation Positive interactions Negative interactions Conclusion and future perspectives References Chapter 9 The use of microbes as a combative strategy for alleviation of abiotic and biotic stresses Introduction Abiotic and biotic stresses encountered by plants and how they inherently cope with them Abiotic stresses Biotic stresses Mechanisms of PGPM-mediated stress tolerance Microbial secretions that help in abiotic stress tolerance Exopolysaccharide production Production of phytohormones Secretion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylate (ACC) deaminase Production of compatible osmolytes and other metabolites Production of volatile organic compounds Plant responses to PGPM inoculation under abiotic stress Expression of stress-inducible genes Modulation in the levels of stress-induced metabolites Regulation of phytohormone signaling Mechanisms of PGPM-mediated biotic stress tolerance Production of antibiotics, lytic enzymes, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Production of siderophores Plant responses to PGPM inoculation under biotic stress Use of PGPR as agents of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance for sustainable agriculture References Chapter 10 Microbial nanotechnology: A green approach towards sustainable agriculture Introduction Nanomaterials Synthesis of nanoparticles Nanoparticle synthesis by microbes The mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis Nanoparticle synthesis by fungi Nanoparticle synthesis by algae Nanoparticle synthesis by bacteria Nanoparticle synthesis by Actinomycetes Nanotechnology and sustainable agriculture Nanofertilizers Nanobiosensors Crop protectors Nanoherbicides Nanopesticides Applications of nanomaterials in disease management Effects of nanoparticles on seed germination and plant growth Nanotechnology in plant resistance Conclusions and future perspectives References Chapter 11 Microbial cross talk: Below and above ground Introduction Beneficial functions of rhizospheric microbiomes Nutrient acquisition Stress tolerance Pathogen suppression Signal molecule-mediated communication between microorganisms and plants Cross talk between plants and microbes Impact of positive and negative interactions on plants and microbial diversity Understanding the below- and above-ground microbial interactions via omics studies Influence of below-ground microbiota on above-ground interactions Conclusions and future perspectives References Chapter 12 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and food security Introduction Challenges to agricultural development: The driving force behind food security Agricultural sustainability as a viable option The general concept of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Direct benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis AMF symbiosis improves nutritional status and crop growth AMF symbiosis improves crop yield Indirect benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis AMF affect plant defense and disease resistance Quality of process products from AMF plants AMF improve soil quality and reduce soil erosion Single versus multiple species-based AMF inoculants for efficiency assurance Conclusions References Chapter 13 Microbe-mediated abiotic stress management for sustainable agriculture Introduction Abiotic stresses and their impact on plant growth and development Temperature Salinity Drought stress Heavy metal stress UV radiation Alleviation of abiotic stress in plants by microorganisms Production of plant hormones Production of ACC deaminase Production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) Production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) Nutrient cycle management Rhizosphere management to improve soil and plant productivity Crop management Soil management Microbiological management Rhizospheric biota management through a holobiont approach Conclusions and future perspectives References Chapter 14 Role of microorganisms in alleviation of arsenic toxicity in plants Introduction The status of arsenic contamination in food crops Arsenic-resistant microorganisms Bacteria Fungi Archaebacteria Cyanobacteria Genetics of arsenic resistance in microorganisms Microorganisms-assisted phytoremediation and mechanisms of microorganisms-mediated arsenic bioremediation Oxidation of arsenite Methylation and demethylation Mobilization and immobilization Other mitigation strategies for reducing arsenic toxicity in plants Modifications in agronomical practices Applications of nanoparticles Genetic modifications in arsenic transporters in plants Conclusions References Chapter 15 Chemistry of plant microbe synergy in the rhizosphere Introduction Beneficial microorganisms Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi Trichoderma: A biocontrol agent The rhizosphere: The main hotspot for microbial communities Microbial signaling molecules and quorum sensing Root exudates as plant-to-microbe signals Various mechanisms in plant–microbe interactions Antagonistic mechanisms for biological control of plant pathogens Colonization Competition Induced systemic resistance Antioxidants in plant–microbe interactions Conclusions References Index Back Cover