Disputed Moral Issues: A Reader (4th Edition)

Description

Ideal for courses in contemporary moral problems, applied ethics, and introduction to ethics, Disputed Moral Issues: A Reader, Fourth Edition, offers a unique pedagogical approach that bridges moral theory and applied ethics. Bringing together seventy engaging articles, it also includes an accessible Moral Theory Primer (Chapter 1). Each selection is enhanced by a host of pedagogical features, including concise summaries, reader cues referring to pertinent moral theories, and reading and discussion questions. A "Quick Guide to Moral Theories" at the front of the book and an extensive glossary of key terms are also included. A "User's Guide," which follows the preface, shows instructors how they can integrate moral theories and applied ethics into their courses. Cover......Page 1 Quick Guide to Moral Theories......Page 2 Disputed Moral Issues......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 13 Dedication......Page 16 User’s Guide......Page 17 Chapter 1: A Moral Theory Primer......Page 21 1. What Is a Moral Theory?......Page 22 A. Consequentialism......Page 26 B. Natural Law Theory......Page 31 C. Kantian Moral Theory......Page 35 D. Rights-Based Moral Theory......Page 40 E. Virtue Ethics......Page 45 F. Ethics of Prima Facie Duty......Page 46 G. Social Contract Theory......Page 49 3. Coping with Many Moral Theories......Page 51 J. S. Mill / Utilitarianism......Page 58 St. Thomas Aquinas / Treatise on Law......Page 64 Immanuel Kant / The Moral Law......Page 68 John Locke / Natural Rights......Page 75 Aristotle / Virtue and Character......Page 79 W. D. Ross / What Makes Right Actions Right?......Page 87 John Rawls / A Theory of Justice......Page 91 Additional Resources......Page 102 Chapter 3: Sexual Morality......Page 104 Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith, approved by Pope Paul VI / Vatican Declaration on Some Questions of Sexual Ethics......Page 108 John Corvino / What’s Wrong with Homosexuality?......Page 114 Thomas A. Mappes / A Liberal View of Sexual Morality and the Concept of Using Another Person......Page 123 Raja Halwani / Virtue Ethics and Adultery......Page 133 Additional Resources......Page 140 Chapter 4: Pornography, Hate Speech, and Censorship......Page 141 The Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography / Pornography and Harm......Page 150 Nadine Strossen / Why Censoring Pornography Would Not Reduce Discrimination or Violence against Women......Page 156 Susan Dwyer /Enter Here—At Your Own Risk:The Moral Dangers of Cyberporn......Page 166 John Arthur / Sticks and Stones......Page 177 Andrew Altman / Speech Codes and Expressive Harm......Page 185 Additional Resources......Page 194 Chapter 5: Drugs and Addiction......Page 196 David Boaz / Drug-Free America or Free America?......Page 202 Peter de Marneffe / Decriminalize, Don’t Legalize......Page 208 Robert E. Goodin / Permissible Paternalism: Saving Smokers from Themselves......Page 218 Daniel Shapiro / Addiction and Drug Policy......Page 224 Additional Resources......Page 230 Chapter 6: Sexism, Racism, and Reparation......Page 232 Ann E. Cudd and Leslie E. Jones / Sexism......Page 237 J. L. A. Garcia / The Heart of Racism......Page 247 Tommie Shelby / Is Racism in the “Heart”?......Page 260 Louis J. Pojman / Why Affirmative Action Is Immoral......Page 268 Thomas E. Hill Jr. / The Message of Affirmative Action......Page 277 Additional Resources......Page 286 Chapter 7: The Ethics of Immigration......Page 288 Stephen Macedo / The Moral Dilemma of U.S. Immigration Policy: Open Borders versus Social Justice......Page 293 Joseph H. Carens / Migration and Morality: A Liberal Egalitarian Perspective......Page 305 Christopher Heath Wellman / Immigration and Freedom of Association......Page 319 Sarah Fine / Freedom of Association Is Not the Answer......Page 338 Additional Resources......Page 348 Chapter 8: Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide......Page 350 James Rachels / Active and Passive Euthanasia......Page 356 Philippa Foot / Killing and Letting Die......Page 360 Daniel Callahan / A Case against Euthanasia......Page 366 Michael B. Gill / A Moral Defense of Oregon’s Physician-Assisted Suicide Law......Page 375 David Velleman/ Against the Right to Die......Page 389 Additional Resources......Page 396 Chapter 9: The Ethical Treatment of Animals......Page 397 Peter Singer / All Animals Are Equal......Page 400 Carl Cohen / Do Animals Have Rights?......Page 409 Peter Carruthers / Against the Moral Standing of Animals......Page 417 Alastair Norcross / Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal Cases......Page 427 Additional Resources......Page 438 Chapter 10: Abortion......Page 440 Mary Anne Warren / On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion......Page 448 Judith Jarvis Thomson / A Defense of Abortion......Page 455 Patrick Lee and Robert P. George / The Wrong of Abortion......Page 464 Rosalind Hursthouse / Virtue Theory and Abortion......Page 475 Don Marquis / Why Abortion Is Immoral......Page 485 L. W. Sumner / A Moderate View......Page 490 Additional Resources......Page 496 Chapter 11: Cloning and Genetic Enhancement......Page 498 Leon R. Kass / Preventing Brave New World......Page 505 Gregory E. Pence / Will Cloning Harm People?......Page 513 Michael J. Sandel / The Case against Perfection......Page 522 Frances M. Kamm / Is There a Problem with Enhancement?......Page 530 Peter Singer / Parental Choice and Human Improvement......Page 542 Additional Resources......Page 549 Chapter 12: The Death Penalty......Page 552 Stephen Nathanson / An Eye for an Eye?......Page 558 Ernest van den Haag / A Defense of the Death Penalty......Page 564 Jeffrey H. Reiman / Civilization, Safety, and Deterrence......Page 569 James S. Liebman, Jeffrey Fagan, Valerie West, and Jonathan Lloyd / Capital Attrition: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973–1995......Page 572 Additional Resources......Page 580 Chapter 13: War, Terrorism, and Torture......Page 581 David Rodin / The Problem with Prevention......Page 590 Walter Sinnott-Armstrong / Preventive War—What Is It Good For?......Page 602 Michael Walzer / Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses......Page 615 Andrew Valls / Can Terrorism Be Justified?......Page 623 Alan M. Dershowitz / Should the Ticking Bomb Terrorist Be Tortured?......Page 634 Marcia Baron / The Ticking Bomb Hypothetical......Page 645 Additional Resources......Page 656 Chapter 14: World Hunger and Poverty......Page 659 Garrett Hardin / Lifeboat Ethics......Page 662 Peter Singer / The Life You Can Save......Page 668 John Arthur / World Hunger and Moral Obligation......Page 682 Amartya Sen / Property and Hunger......Page 691 Onora O’Neill / A Kantian Approach to World Hunger......Page 697 Additional Resources......Page 703 Chapter 15: The Environment, Consumption, and Climate Change......Page 704 William F. Baxter / People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution......Page 712 Aldo Leopold / The Land Ethic......Page 717 Thomas E. Hill Jr. / Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving the Natural Environment......Page 722 Stephen M. Gardiner / A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption......Page 729 Walter Sinnott-Armstrong / It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming and Individual Moral Obligations......Page 737 Bjørn Lomborg / Let’s Keep Our Cool about Global Warming......Page 752 Additional Resources......Page 758 Glossary......Page 760