Power System Dynamics Stability and Control

Description

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents About the Authors List of Symbols & Abbreviations Part I Introduction to Power Systems Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Stability and Control of a Dynamic System 1.2 Classification of Power System Dynamics 1.3 Two Pairs of Important Quantities 1.4 Stability of a Power System 1.5 Security of a Power System Chapter 2 Power System Components 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Reliability of Supply 2.1.2 Supplying Electrical Energy of Good Quality 2.1.3 Economic Generation and Transmission 2.1.4 Environmental Issues 2.2 Structure of the Electric Power System 2.2.1 Generation 2.2.2 Transmission 2.2.3 Distribution 2.2.4 Demand 2.3 Generating Units 2.3.1 Synchronous Generators 2.3.2 Exciters and Automatic Voltage Regulators 2.3.2.1 Excitation Systems 2.3.2.2 Automatic Voltage Regulators 2.3.3 Turbines and Their Governing Systems 2.3.3.1 Steam Turbines 2.3.3.2 Gas Turbines 2.3.3.3 Combined Cycle Gas Turbines 2.3.3.4 Hydro Turbines 2.3.3.5 Turbine Governing Systems 2.3.3.6 Turbine Characteristics 2.3.3.7 Governor Control Functions 2.4 Substations 2.5 Transmission and Distribution Network 2.5.1 Overhead Lines and Underground Cables 2.5.2 Transformers 2.5.2.1 Tap-changing Transformers 2.5.2.2 Phase Shifting Transformers 2.5.3 Shunt and Series Elements 2.5.3.1 Shunt Elements 2.5.3.2 Series Elements 2.5.4 FACTS Devices 2.5.4.1 Static VAR Compensator 2.5.4.2 Static Compensator 2.5.4.3 Energy Storage System 2.5.4.4 Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor 2.5.4.5 Series Compensators 2.5.4.6 Thyristor-controlled Phase Angle Regulator 2.5.4.7 Unified Power Flow Controller 2.6 Protection 2.6.1 Protection of Transmission Lines 2.6.2 Protection of Transformers 2.6.3 Protection of Busbars 2.6.4 Protection of Generating Units 2.7 Wide Area Measurement Systems Chapter 3 The Power System in the Steady State 3.1 Transmission Lines 3.1.1 Line Equations and the π-equivalent Circuit 3.1.2 Performance of the Transmission Line 3.1.2.1 Real Power Transmission 3.1.2.2 Reactive Power Considerations 3.1.3 Underground Cables 3.2 Transformers 3.2.1 Equivalent Circuit 3.2.2 Off-nominal Transformation Ratio 3.3 Synchronous Generators 3.3.1 Round-rotor Machines 3.3.1.1 The Generator on No Load 3.3.1.2 Armature Reaction and the Air-gap Flux 3.3.1.3 Equivalent Circuit and the Phasor Diagram 3.3.1.4 The Torque Creation Mechanism 3.3.2 Salient-pole Machines 3.3.2.1 Phasor Diagram and the Equivalent Circuit 3.3.2.2 The d- and q-axis Armature Coils 3.3.2.3 Torque in the Salient-pole Machine 3.3.3 Synchronous Generator as a Power Source 3.3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of the Generator-transformer Unit 3.3.3.2 Real and Reactive Power of the Generator-transformer Unit 3.3.4 Reactive Power Capability Curve of a Round-rotor Generator 3.3.5 Voltage-reactive Power Capability Characteristic V(Q) 3.3.5.1 If