Antiquity 2 (fourth edition)

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Contents Using Antiquity Part A Core study: Cities of Vesuvius – Pompeii and Herculaneum Chapter 1 Core study: Cities of Vesuvius – Pompeii and Herculaneum 1.1 Survey of Pompeii and Herculaneum 1.2 The eruption of AD 79 and its impact 1.3 Early discoveries and the changing nature of excavations in the 19th and 20th centuries 1.4 Investigating and interpreting the sources for Pompeii and Herculaneum 1.5 The economy 1.6 Social structure 1.7 Local political life 1.8 Everyday life: Housing 1.9 Everyday life: Food and dining 1.10 Everyday life: Clothing, health and water supply 1.11 Leisure activities 1.12 Religion 1.13 Foreign cults and religions 1.14 Influence of Greek and Egyptian cultures 1.15 Reconstructing and conserving the past 1.16 Issues of conservation and reconstruction 1.17 Ethical issues 1.18 Value and impact of tourism: Problems and solutions Chapter conclusion Part B Ancient societies Chapter 2 New Kingdom Egypt society to the death of Amenhotep III (obook-only chapter) 2.1 Historical context 2.2 Social structure and political organisation 2.3 Nature and role of the army 2.4 Roles and status of women and workers 2.5 The economy 2.6 Religion 2.7 Festivals 2.8 New Kingdom temples: Architecture and function 2.9 Funerary customs 2.10 Cultural life 2.11 Writing and literature 2.12 Everyday life Chapter conclusion Chapter 3 Bronze Age – Minoan Crete 3.1 Historical context 3.2 Significant Minoan sites 3.3 Social structure 3.4 The Minoan people 3.5 The economy 3.6 Trade and economic exchange 3.7 Religion 3.8 Religious symbols 3.9 Religious places 3.10 Religious rituals 3.11 Funerary customs and rituals 3.12 Myths and legends relating to the Minoans 3.13 Minoan art 3.14 Architecture of palace complexes 3.15 Minoan writing 3.16 Leisure activities 3.17 Health as revealed by human remains Chapter conclusion Chapter 4 Spartan society to the Battle of Leuctra 371 BC 4.1 Historical context 4.2 The issue of Lycurgus 4.3 Spartan social structure 4.4 Government 4.5 The Spartan army 4.6 Control of the helots 4.7 Spartan women 4.8 The economy 4.9 Technology 4.10 Religion 4.11 Culture: Art and architecture 4.12 Culture: Writing and literature 4.13 Everyday life Chapter conclusion Part C Personalities in their times Chapter 5 Egypt – Hatshepsut 5.1 Historical context 5.2 Political and religious roles of the king and queen 5.3 Hatshepsut’s family background 5.4 Hatshepsut’s claim to the throne 5.5 The legality of Hatshepsut’s accession 5.6 Changes to Hatshepsut’s titles 5.7 Religious policy 5.8 Building program 5.9 Other building projects 5.10 Foreign policy 5.11 Relationship with Amun priesthood and other officials 5.12 Relationship with Thutmose III 5.13 Evaluation 5.14 Ancient images and interpretations of Hatshepsut Chapter conclusion Chapter 6 Egypt – Akhenaten 6.1 Historical context 6.2 Background and rise to prominence 6.3 Akhenaten’s early career 6.4 Transfer of the capital to Akhetaten 6.5 Akhetaten: function and layout 6.6 Akhenaten’s religious policy 6.7 Nature, importance and impact of Aten worship 6.8 Changes to afterlife beliefs and funerary customs 6.9 Artistic innovations and development 6.10 Foreign policy 6.11 The role of Nefertiti 6.12 Evaluation 6.13 Images and interpretations of Akhenaten Chapter conclusion Chapter 7 The Near East – Xerxes 7.1 Historical context 7.2 Persian military structures 7.3 Persian Empire: expansion, religion and kingship 7.4 Background and rise to prominence 7.5 Succession to kingship 7.6 Administration of the Persian Empire 7.7 Religious policy 7.8 Building program: Persepolis 7.9 Images and representations of Xerxes as king 7.10 Xerxes’ role in the invasion of the Greek mainland 7.11 Artemisium and Thermopylae 7.12 From Thermopylae to Salamis 7.13 Xerxes’ leadership of the invasion of Greece 7.14 Relationships with prominent Persians and non-Persians 7.15 Evaluation 7.16 Ancient images and interpretations of Xerxes 7.17 Modern images and interpretations of Xerxes Chapter conclusion Chapter 8 Rome – Agrippina the Younger 8.1 Historical context 8.2 Roman social and political structures 8.3 Agrippina’s family background and status 8.4 Agrippina’s early life and marriages 8.5 Agrippina’s role during the reign of Gaius (Caligula) 8.6 Agrippina’s role during the reign of Claudius 8.7 Agrippina: Augusta 8.8 Agrippina’s relationships with Seneca, Burrus and others 8.9 Agrippina’s role in Nero’s succession 8.10 Agrippina’s role in Nero’s reign 8.11 Agrippina’s death 8.12 Evaluation 8.13 Ancient images and interpretations of Agrippina the Younger 8.14 Modern images and interpretations of Agrippina the Younger Chapter conclusion Part D Historical periods Chapter 9 New Kingdom Egypt to the death of Thutmose IV 9.1 Chronological, geographical and political context 9.2 Impact of the Hyksos 9.3 Wars against the Hyksos 9.4 Expulsion of the Hyksos 9.5 The role of queens 9.6 Development and importance of the cult of Amun 9.7 The Amun priesthood 9.8 Political and religious significance of building programs 9.9 Role and contribution of prominent officials 9.10 Expansion of Egypt’s boundaries 9.11 The army: a good career path 9.12 Establishment of ‘empire’: Nubia 9.13 Military campaigns in Nubia 9.14 Establishment of ‘empire’: Syria–Palestine 9.15 Military campaigns in Syria–Palestine 9.16 The image of the ‘warrior pharaoh’ 9.17 Administration of the empire: Nubia and Syria–Palestine 9.18 The nature of Egyptian imperialism 9.19 Role and contribution of kings from Ahmose to Thutmose IV Chapter conclusion Chapter 10: New Kingdom Egypt – Amenhotep III to the death of Ramesses II (obook-only chapter) 10.1 Chronological and geographical context 10.2 The reign of Amenhotep III 10.3 The Amarna ‘revolution’ 10.4 Post-Amarna reforms 10.5 Political and religious significance of building programs 10.6 Pharaonic builders of the early Nineteenth Dynasty 10.7 Establishment and significance of the Nineteenth Dynasty 10.8 Changing role and contribution of queens 10.9 Early Nineteenth Dynasty queens 10.10 Role and contribution of officials 10.11 Foreign relations 10.12 Image of the 'warrior pharaoh' 10.13 Maintenance and administration of the 'empire': Nubia 10.14 Maintenance and administration of the 'empire': Syria–Palestine 10.15 The Hittites and the post-Amarna pharaohs 10.16 Ramesside imperialism: The wars of Seti I and Ramesses II 10.17 The Battle of Kadesh 10.18 The Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty 10.19 The role and contribution of kings from Amenhotep III to Ramesses II Chapter conclusion Chapter 11 The Greekworld 500–440 BC 11.1 Historical context 11.2 Origins of the Persian Wars 11.3 The Ionian Revolt 499–490 BC 11.4 The Persian invasion of 490 BC 11.5 The Battle of Marathon 11.6 The inter-war period 490–480 BC 11.7 The invasion of 480–479 BC 11.8 The Battle of Salamis 11.9 Contribution of Themistocles and Eurybiades 11.10 The battles of Plataea and Mycale 11.11 Assessing the Persian Wars 11.12 Development of Athens and the Athenian Empire 11.13 Delian League: Activities to the Battle of the Eurymedon River 11.14 Transformation: Delian League to Athenian empire 11.15 The nature of Athenian imperialism 11.16 Democratic developments in Athens 11.17 Democracy then and now 11.18 Athens and Sparta 11.19 Sparta and the Peloponnesian League Chapter conclusion Chapter 12 The Augustan Age 44 BC – AD 14 (obook-only chapter) 12.1 Political and geographical context of Rome 12.2 Establishment of the principate 12.3 Civil war: Octavian vs Mark Antony 12.4 The Battle of Actium 12.5 Development of the principate 12.6 The Second Settlement – 23 BC 12.7 Titles and honours of the princeps 12.8 The Augustan principate 12.9 Roles of magistrates and officials 12.10 Augustan reforms 12.11 Opposition to Augustus 12.12 Augustus’ building program 12.13 Literature and propaganda 12.14 The imperial family and the succession 12.15 Role and contribution of Agrippa 12.16 Augustus and the empire 12.17 Augustan frontier policy 12.18 Death of Augustus Chapter conclusion Chapter 13 TheJulio-Claudians AD 14–69 13.1 The historical context of Rome 13.2 Development of the principate 13.3 Changing role of the princeps under the Julio-Claudian rulers 13.4 Changing role and responsibilities of the Senate 13.5 The Senate and the later Julio-Claudians 13.6 Reforms and policies of Julio-Claudian rulers 13.7 Political roles of the Praetorian Guard 13.8 Julio-Claudian building programs 13.9 Imperial family and problems of the succession 13.10 Role and contribution of Seneca 13.11 Consequences of the death of Nero 13.12 Expansion and consolidation of the empire 13.13 Relationship of the princeps and the army 13.14 Administration of the empire 13.15 Development of the imperial cult Chapter conclusion Glossary Index Acknowledgements