Evidence-Based Surgery: A Guide to Understanding and Interpreting the Surgical Literature

Description

The purpose of this book specifically is to teach surgeons (academic or community), surgical fellows and surgical residents regardless of the surgical specialty, the skills to appraise what they read in the surgical literature. Surgeons need to be able to understand what they read before applying the conclusions of a surgical article to their practice. As most surgeons do not have the extra training in health research methodology, understanding how the research was done, how to interpret the results and finally deciding to apply them to the patient level is indeed a difficult task. Chapters explain the methodological issues pertaining to the various study designs reported in the surgical literature. Most chapters begin with a clinical scenario with uncertain course of action with which most surgeons are struggling. Readers are taught how to search the literature for the best evidence that will answer the surgical problem under discussion. An identified article that seems relevant to the problem you are investigating can be appraised by addressing 3 key questions: 1). Is the study I am reading valid? 2). What are the results of this study? 3). Can I apply these results to my patients? While the primary goal of Evidence-Based Surgery is to teach surgeons how to appraise the surgical literature, an added benefit is that the concepts explained here may help research-minded surgeons produce higher quality research. Front Matter ....Pages i-xvii History of Evidence-Based Surgery (EBS) (Achilles Thoma, Jessica Murphy, Sheila Sprague, Charles H. Goldsmith)....Pages 1-8 The Steps of Practicing Evidence-Based Surgery (EBS) (Achilles Thoma, Sheila Sprague, Luis H. Braga, Sophocles H. Voineskos)....Pages 9-15 Developing a Surgical Clinical Research Question: To Find the Answer in Literature Search or in Pursuing Clinical Research (Achilles Thoma, Sheila Sprague, Sophocles H. Voineskos, Jessica Murphy)....Pages 17-22 Finding the Evidence Through Searching the Literature (Laura Banfield, Jo-Anne Petropoulos, Neera Bhatnagar)....Pages 23-36 Hierarchy of Evidence in Surgical Research (Gina Del Fabbro, Sofia Bzovsky, Achilles Thoma, Sheila Sprague)....Pages 37-49 Evaluating Surgical Interventions (Aristithes G. Doumouras, Dennis Hong)....Pages 51-60 A Primer on Outcome Measures for Surgical Interventions (Joy MacDermid)....Pages 61-70 Patient-Important Outcome Measures in Surgical Care (Katherine B. Santosa, Anne Klassen, Andrea L. Pusic)....Pages 71-83 Surrogate Endpoints (Seper Ekhtiari, Ryan P. Coughlin, Nicole Simunovic, Olufemi R. Ayeni)....Pages 85-92 How to Assess an Article that Deals with Health-Related Quality of Life (Achilles Thoma, Jenny Santos, Margherita Cadeddu, Eric K. Duku, Charles H. Goldsmith)....Pages 93-102 Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Surgical Interventions (Max Solow, Raman Mundi, Vickas Khanna, Mohit Bhandari)....Pages 103-113 How to Assess a Pilot Trial in Surgery (Guowei Li, Gillian A. Lancaster, Lehana Thabane)....Pages 115-124 Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trials (Yaad Shergill, Atefeh Noori, Ngai Chow, Jason W. Busse)....Pages 125-134 Expertise-Based Randomized Controlled Trials (Daniel Waltho, Kristen Davidge, Cagla Eskicioglu, for the Evidence-Based Surgery Working Group)....Pages 135-144 The Surgeon’s Guide to Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Andrea Copeland, Lucas Gallo, Noor Alolabi)....Pages 145-157 Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Studies (Ramy Behman, Lev Bubis, Paul Karanicolas)....Pages 159-170 Case-Control Studies (Achilles Thoma, Jenny Santos, Jessica Murphy, Eric K. Duku, Charles H. Goldsmith)....Pages 171-181 Evaluating Case Series in Surgery (Christopher J. Coroneos, Brian Hyosuk Chin)....Pages 183-191 Quality Improvement and Patient Safety in Surgery (Martin A. Koyle, Jessica H. Hannick)....Pages 193-199 Diagnostic Studies in Surgery (Stuart Archibald, Jessica Murphy, Achilles Thoma, Charles H. Goldsmith)....Pages 201-215 How to Assess a Prognostic Study (Saurabh Gupta, Kevin Kim, Emilie Belley-Côté, Richard P. Whitlock)....Pages 217-223 Decision Analysis and Surgery (Gloria M. Rockwell, Jessica Murphy)....Pages 225-238 Economic Evaluations in Surgery (Achilles Thoma, Feng Xie, Jenny Santos, Charles H. Goldsmith)....Pages 239-253 Studies Reporting Harm in Surgery (Robin McLeod)....Pages 255-263 Evaluating Surveys and Questionnaires in Surgical Research (Brian Hyosuk Chin, Christopher J. Coroneos)....Pages 265-275 Opinion Pieces in Surgery (M. Torchia, D. Austin, I. L. Gitajn)....Pages 277-284 Simple Statistical Tests and P Values (Charles H. Goldsmith, Eric K. Duku, Achilles Thoma, Jessica Murphy)....Pages 285-299 Confidence Intervals (Jessica Bogach, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Margherita O. Cadeddu)....Pages 301-309 Power and Sample Size (Jessica Murphy, Eric K. Duku, Achilles Thoma, Charles H. Goldsmith)....Pages 311-325 Subgroup Analyses in Surgery (Alexandra Hatchell, Sophocles H. Voineskos)....Pages 327-336 Introduction to Clinical Practice Guidelines (Christopher J. Coroneos, Stavros A. Antoniou, Ivan D. Florez, Melissa C. Brouwers)....Pages 337-345 Back Matter ....Pages 347-360