Geochemistry of Silicon Isotopes

Description

The book starts with an introduction on silicon isotopes and related analytical methods, and explains the mechanisms of silicon isotope fractionation. Silicon isotope distributions in lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere are shown based on results from field studies, and silicon isotope relevance for applications are presented. Preface | V Acknowledgements | VII 1 Introduction | 1 1.1 Origin and characters of silicon and its isotopes | 1 1.2 A brief description of silicon geochemistry | 1 1.3 The history of silicon isotope studies | 3 2 Analytical methods of silicon isotope composition | 9 2.1 Gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of silicon isotopes | 10 2.2 Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (MC-ICPMS) analysis of silicon isotopes | 17 2.3 Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses | 23 2.4 Standards and reference materials for silicon isotope measurement | 26 2.5 Comparison of different methods on silicon isotope analyses | 29 3 Mechanisms of silicon isotope fractionation | 35 3.1 The thermodynamic silicon isotope exchange fractionation | 36 3.2 Kinetic fractionation of silicon isotopes | 55 4 Distribution of silicon isotopes in nature | 69 4.1 Silicon isotope compositions of extraterrestrial materials | 69 4.2 Silicon isotope distribution in lithosphere | 83 4.3 Silicon isotope compositions of soils | 110 4.4 Hydrosphere | 111 4.5 Biosphere | 121 5 Several aspects of silicon isotope applications | 131 5.1 Studies on global silicon cycle | 131 5.2 Silicon isotope studies on environmental variation of ocean | 164 5.3 Studies on mechanisms of absorption, transportation and precipitation of silicon in plant growth processes | 181 5.4 Studies on silicon source and genesis of ore deposits | 209 References | 241 Index | 275