The Blind Eye: U.S. Non-Proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan from Ford to Clinton

Description

The Blind Eye is a scholarly endeavor to answer the above question. Using declassified documents from the US Archives, this book discusses the US non-proliferation policy towards Pakistan from Ford to Clinton. Bringing new knowledge to the fore, this book argues that the US, contrary to its claims, made trade-offs between non-proliferation and other foreign policy goals viz Pakistan. Consequently, the non-proliferation policy that the US developed during the five administrations from 1974-2001 demonstrates Washington’s lack of commitment to its non-proliferation enforcement agenda towards Islamabad. CONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1 Ford Administration’s Non-proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan 25 Ford’s Presidency and the Regional Security Environment in South Asia 30 Contours of Ford’s Non-proliferation Policy towards Pakistan 32 The Franco-Pak Reprocessing Agreement 47 U.S. Demarches to France and Germany On the Nuclear Deals with Pakistan 56 The Origin and Rationale For The Symington Amendment 1976 61 The Symington Amendment and Pakistan’s Reaction 71 Chapter 2 Carter Administration’s Non-Proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan 96 Carter’s Non-Proliferation Policy 100 The FRG-Brazilian Nuclear Deal 107 The Japanese Reprocessing Plant Issue 109 Carter and Pakistan: The Transition in 1977 112 Prelude to the Coup and Bhutto’s Anti-U.S. Card 116 Zia and the French Reprocessing Deal 121 The Glenn Amendment 122 U.S. Aid Suspension and The Symington Amendment 130 Pakistan’s PNE Gossip and The Nuclear Ambiguity 135 The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and Pakistan’s Bargaining Chip 140 The NNPA and The Tarapur Controversy 148 Chapter 3 Reagan Administrations’ Non-proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan 165 Pakistan-U.S. Bilateral Security Relationship and The Symington Waiver 167 Pakistan’s Negotiations to Get U.S. F-16 Fighter Jets in 1981-82 175 Pakistan’s Nuclear Progress and U.S. Non-proliferation Laws 191 The Pressler Amendment: Saving Pakistan-U.S. Security Relationship 198 Pakistan’s Illegal Procurement and The Solarz Amendment 205 Pakistan’s Nuclear Progress and Reagan’s Pressler Certifications 213 Chapter 4 Bush Administration’s Non-proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan 235 Bush’s Pressler Certification in 1989 and More F-16s for Pakistan 238 The 1990 Indo-Pak Crisis And The Build Up To The Pressler Sanctions 244 The Pressler Sanctions on Pakistan 249 The Aftermath of The Pressler Sanctions 257 Bush Administration’s Interpretation of the Pressler Amendment 260 Chapter 5 Clinton Administration’s Non-proliferation Policy Towards Pakistan 270 Pakistan’s Embargoed Defense Equipment, F-16s and The Brown Amendment 275 Pak-China Missile/Nuclear Technology Transfer And Bhutto’s North-Korean Connection 289 The Sharif Government and The Harkin-Warner Amendment 1997 300 Pakistan’s Nuclear Tests in 1998 and The Glenn-Symington Sanctions 304 Kargil 1999 and The Military Coup 313 Additional Relief from Sanctions: Brownback II Amendment 317 Chapter 6 Conclusion: The U.S. Non-proliferation Policy from Ford to Clinton 1974-2001 326 Appendix 338 Index 341