Behavior of Materials under Impact, Explosion, High Pressures and Dynamic Strain Rates

Description

This book presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the destruction of solids under impact, explosion, high pressures, and strain rates. The content identifies the basic laws of the destruction of bodies under dynamic loads. The results of numerical studies were obtained using numerical methods on the Lagrangian, Euler, and ALE approaches to the description of the motion of continuous media. Numerical methods and mathematical models have been tested by comparison with experimental data and well-known analytical solutions (for instance, Rankin–Hugoniot laws). Experimental studies were performed on unique ballistic installations with the registration of fast processes (high-speed shooting). The results are used as new tests to verify the developing modeling methods. The research objects were metal multilayer plates, functionally graded materials, advanced, smart, and natural materials, etc. The book is interesting to specialists in the field of mathematical modeling and experimental methods for studying fast processes under dynamic loading. Preface Introduction Contents 1 “Algozit” Programming Environment for Continuum Mechanics Problem-Solving 1.1 Introduction 1.2 “Algozit” Architecture 1.3 Example of Algorithm Implementation 1.4 Application for Experimental Problem Solution 1.4.1 Problem Statement 1.4.2 Modeling Object 1.4.3 Software Implementation 1.4.4 Estimation of Deformation and Heat Radiation Parameters for Fabric Sample with Damaging Element 1.4.5 Correlation of Dynamic Temperature Fields with Experiment Data 1.4.6 Functionality of “Algozit” Programming Environment for Calculation of Cooled Structures 1.5 Conclusion References 2 Comparative Assessment of Underwater Explosion Resistance for GRP and CFRP Specimens 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Materials and Specimens 2.3 Experimental Setup 2.4 Test Results 2.5 Computer Modeling 2.6 Conclusion References 3 Numerical Study of the Geometric Distribution of Metal of Cumulative Lining 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Model and Methods 3.3 Problem Statement 3.3.1 Statement of the Problem of Metal Distribution of Local Zones of the Inner Surface of the Cumulative Lining 3.3.2 Statement of the Problem of the Distribution of the Metal of the Inner Surface of the Cumulative Lining 3.4 Conclusion References 4 About Mechanical Behavior and Effective Properties of Metal Matrix Composites Under Shock Wave Loading 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of Metal Matrix Composite with Reinforcing Ceramic Inclusions Under Plane Shock Wave Loading 4.3 Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Metal Matrix Composites with Reinforcing Ceramic Inclusions Under Plane Shock Wave Loading 4.4 Results of Computer Simulation of Damage to Metal Matrix Composites with Reinforcing Ceramic Inclusions Under Loading by Shock Impulses 4.5 Investigation of Effective Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites with Different Concentrations of Reinforcing Ceramic Inclusions Under Shock Wave Loading 4.6 Investigation of the Effective Elastic and Strength Properties of Metal Matrix Composites with Reinforcing Ceramic Inclusions of Different Shapes Under Shock Wave Loading 4.7 Conclusions References 5 Shaped-Charge Treatment Effects Accompanying the Formation of Hard Structure and New Phase States in Coatings on Titanium 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials and Methods 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Reactor 3D Software Performance on Penetration and Perforation Problems 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Taylor Test 6.3 Non-monotonic Dependence of Penetration Depth on Impact Velocity 6.4 Modeling the Crater Formation Process 6.5 Evaluation of the Ballistic Resistance of Ceramics 6.6 High-Speed Impact on Thin Targets 6.7 Conclusions References 7 Numerical Simulation of Thermodynamic Parameters for Gold Alloys Under Shock-Wave Loading 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Calculation Model 7.3 Modeling Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Numerical and Analytical Modeling of Two-Dimensional Water Flows Arising After the Dam Failure 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Model and Method 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.3.1 Statement of the Problem for Numerical Calculation 8.3.2 Calculations 8.4 Conclusion References 9 Numerical Simulation of the Interaction of a Shock Wave with a Permeable Granulated Layer 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Basic Equations 9.3 Experimental Studies of the Deformation Properties of a Porous Granular Layer Under Static and Dynamic Compression 9.4 Statement of the Problem of Numerical Modeling 9.5 Conclusion References 10 Research of the Behaviour of Multi-layered Steel Targets Impacted by High-Velocity Projectiles 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Model and Method 10.2.1 Mathematical Model 10.2.2 Numerical Method 10.2.3 Verification of Numerical Results 10.3 Numerical Simulation Results of Perforation of Targets with High-Velocity Projectiles 10.3.1 Problem’s Statement 10.3.2 Projectiles and Targets 10.3.3 Perforation of Targets with Ogival Projectile 10.3.4 Perforating Targets with a Conical Projectile 10.3.5 Perforating Targets with a Rod 10.4 Results and Discussion 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Approaches to Determining the Load on a Free Body of Finite Mass upon Impact of a Highly Porous Cylinder 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Problem’s Statement 11.3 Methods 11.4 Results of Numerical Calculations and Discussion 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Study of High-Speed Entry into Water and Movement of Supercavitating Strikers at Gunfire Start 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Experimental Technique 12.2.1 Vacuum Silencer 12.2.2 Air Section of the Track 12.2.3 Water Section of the Track 12.3 Intraballistic Studies of the Acceleration of Supercavitating Strikers 12.4 External Trajectorystudies in the Air 12.5 External Trajectory Studies in the Water 12.6 Conclusion References 13 The Study of the Slow Deformation Wave Propagation from the Faults Having Different Inclinations to the Loading Axis 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Mathematical Model 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.3.1 The Calculations for Different Types of the Neighborhood in the Cellular Automata Model 13.3.2 Tension and Compression of a Region with Different Inclinations of the Faults 13.4 Conclusions References 14 Fictitious Absorption Method in a Dynamic Problem for a Layer Weakened by a Crack 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Formulation of the Problem 14.3 The Fictitious Absorption Method for Solving Integral Equations with an Oscillating Kernel Symbol 14.4 Transformation of the Integral Equation for the Crack 14.5 Construction of Auxiliary Solutions for IE in Case of Damping Media 14.6 Solutions of the Integral Equation for an Axisymmetric Crack 14.7 Numerical Results 14.8 Conclusion References 15 Computer Simulation of Related Problems of Sintering Low-Temperature Ceramics 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Simulation of Sintering Processes 15.3 Numerical Experiments 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Experimental Investigation of Ice Sample Behaviour When Reinforced with Polypropylene Void Rods 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Materials and Methods 16.3 Results and Discussion 16.4 Conclusion References 17 Mathematical Modeling of Deployment Dynamics of Large Transformable Space Structures 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Mathematical Model of the Transformable Configuration Structure 17.3 Experiment 17.4 Model of the Actuator’s Operating 17.5 Discussion of the Results 17.6 Conclusion References 18 Estimation of Uncertainty for Measurement of Ship Ice Resistance in Ice Basin 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Fundamental Principles of the Search for Uncertainty in Experimental Investigations 18.3 Procedures of Ship Model Tests in the Ice Basin 18.4 Procedure for Calculation of Uncertainties for Values Measured in Ice Basin Model Tests 18.5 Measurement Error For Physical and Mechanical Ice Properties 18.5.1 Flexural Strength of Ice 18.5.2 Ice Thickness 18.6 Measurement Error of Ice Resistance 18.7 Conclusions References