Deaf Culture: Exploring Deaf Communities in the United States

Description

Contents ......Page 6 Preface......Page 12 Acknowledgments......Page 17 About the Authors......Page 18 Part I. Deaf Culture: Yesterday and Today......Page 20 Chapter 1 Deaf Community: Past and Present......Page 22 Deaf Children of Culturally Deaf Parents......Page 27 Deaf Children of Hearing Parents......Page 28 Hard-of-Hearing Individuals......Page 29 DeafBlind Persons......Page 30 Demographics......Page 31 Historical Highlights......Page 32 Contemporary Descriptions......Page 39 Deaf Gain......Page 40 Deaf Ethnicity......Page 41 Conclusions......Page 42 References......Page 43 Audiologists and Audiograms......Page 46 Hearing Levels and Labels......Page 54 Acquired Loss......Page 55 Sensorineural Loss......Page 56 History of Auditory Technology......Page 57 Current Auditory Innovationsand Rehabilitation......Page 59 Hearing Level Screening......Page 60 Hearing Aids......Page 63 Cochlear Implants......Page 64 Cochlear Implant Controversy......Page 67 Genetic Engineering......Page 68 Genetic Controversy......Page 69 References......Page 71 Part II. Signed Languages and Learning......Page 76 French Roots......Page 78 Native American Roots......Page 80 The Role of Gestures and Home Signs......Page 81 New England Roots......Page 82 ASL Beyond the U.S. andCanadian Borders......Page 83 How Sign Languages Are Spread......Page 84 Learning ASL......Page 85 ASL for Hearing People......Page 86 ASL Content and Structure......Page 87 ASL Content......Page 88 ASL as a Linguistic Science......Page 89 ASL Phonology......Page 91 ASL Morphology......Page 92 ASL Grammar......Page 93 ASL Discourse......Page 94 The Manual Alphabet......Page 95 Tactile Modality......Page 97 Iconicity......Page 99 Black American Sign Language......Page 100 ASL Literacy and Literature......Page 101 References......Page 102 Chapter 4 Deaf Education and Deaf Culture......Page 106 Early Identification and Parents......Page 107 Special Education Legislation......Page 108 The Manual/Oral Controversy......Page 111 Communication and Language Approaches......Page 113 ASL/English Bilingual Approach......Page 115 Bimodal Bilingual Approach......Page 116 Contact Signing......Page 117 Simultaneous Communication (SimCom)......Page 118 Monolingual Oral/Aural Approaches......Page 120 Hearing Level, Age of Onset, Etiology, Additional Disabilities, Ethnicity, and Parent Hearing Status......Page 122 State or Center Schools for the Deaf......Page 124 Day Schools......Page 125 Inclusion, Mainstreaming, Itinerant, and Coenrollment Programs......Page 126 Charter Schools and Alternative Educational Approaches......Page 127 Juvenile Corrections......Page 128 Academic Achievement, Teacher and Educational Interpreter Quality......Page 129 Integrating ASL and Deaf Culture Into the School Curriculum......Page 131 Role of Deaf Teachers and Deaf Professors......Page 134 In the Classroom......Page 135 Classroom, School Acoustics, and Auditory Technology......Page 137 References......Page 138 Chapter 5 How Deaf Children Think, Learn, and Read......Page 144 IQ Tests......Page 145 Cognitive Abilities......Page 147 Visual Attention, Imagery, and Visual Spatial Skills......Page 148 Memory and Learning......Page 149 Metacognition......Page 150 Executive Functioning......Page 151 Language Pathways......Page 152 Early Gestures, Family Communication, and Play......Page 153 ASL, Spoken Language, and Hearing Milestones......Page 155 The Brain, Bimodal Bilingualism, and Sign Language......Page 157 What Is ASL/English Bilingualism?......Page 158 ASL/English Bilingual Framework and Strategies......Page 160 Reading and Deaf Students......Page 161 Frameworks Providing Full, Natural Access to Language......Page 163 Outcomes......Page 165 Cochlear Implant Benefits and Challenges......Page 167 Outcomes......Page 168 References......Page 169 Part III. Deaf Lives, Technology, Arts, and Career Opportunities......Page 176 Chapter 6 Deaf Identities......Page 178 Deaf Identities......Page 180 Disability Framework......Page 182 Social Identity Theory......Page 183 Racial Identity Development Framework......Page 184 Deaf Identity Development Framework......Page 185 Acculturation Model......Page 189 The Narrative Approach......Page 192 Intersectionality......Page 193 Ethnicity/Race......Page 194 Sexual Orientation......Page 195 Disability......Page 196 References......Page 197 Chapter 7 Navigating Deaf and Hearing Worlds......Page 200 Forms of Discrimination......Page 201 Resilience......Page 203 The Role of Relationships in Strengthening Resilience......Page 204 The World of Work......Page 207 Health Issues......Page 209 Mental Health Issues ......Page 210 Domestic Violence......Page 213 Criminal Justice Issues......Page 214 Aging Issues......Page 215 References......Page 217 Chapter 8 Technology and Accessibility......Page 220 History: Foundations for Access ......Page 221 Deaf Community and Access ......Page 222 Captions......Page 223 Telephones......Page 230 Alerting Devices or Systems......Page 237 Wake-Up Devices......Page 239 Baby Alerting Devices......Page 240 Emergency Announcements......Page 242 Assistive Systems and Devices......Page 243 Innovative Technology......Page 245 References......Page 250 Arts......Page 256 Visual and Tactile Arts......Page 257 De’VIA......Page 259 Deaf Theater......Page 263 Deaf in Television and Movies......Page 265 Deaf Music and Dancing......Page 267 Literature......Page 271 ASL Literature......Page 272 Deaf Literature: English ......Page 275 Online ASL and Deaf Literature......Page 278 Media......Page 282 Deaf Images: Digital Arts and Photography......Page 283 Deaf Motion: Cinema and Film......Page 285 References......Page 287 Chapter 10 Advocating and Career Opportunities......Page 292 Deaf-Hearing Collaboration......Page 293 Interpreters......Page 295 Teachers......Page 297 Early Childhood Educators......Page 299 Audiologists......Page 300 Speech and Language Therapists......Page 302 Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors and Job Coaches......Page 303 Mental Health Service Providers......Page 304 School Counselor......Page 305 Clinical Psychology......Page 306 Emergency Medical Technicians......Page 307 References......Page 308 Chapter 11 Final Thoughts on Deaf Culture and Its Future......Page 310 References......Page 315 Index......Page 318