The Use Of Force For State Power: History And Future

Description

This book studies force, the coercive application of power against resistance, building from Thomas Hobbes’ observation that all self-contained political orders have some ultimate authority that uses force to both dispense justice and to defend the polity against its enemies. This cross-disciplinary analysis finds that rulers concentrate force through cooperation, conveyance, and comprehension, applying common principles across history. Those ways aim to keep foes from concerting their actions, or by eliminating the trust that should bind them. In short, they make enemies afraid to cooperate, and now they are doing so in cyberspace as well. Preface......Page 7 Acknowledgments......Page 10 Contents......Page 11 Author Biographies......Page 12 List of Figures......Page 13 Chapter 1: Introduction: Tools for Sovereignty—Power and Force......Page 15 A Conceptual Framework of Force......Page 17 Definitions......Page 19 Antecedents and Elaborations......Page 20 The Argument Summarized......Page 24 Chapter 2: Divide and Conquer: The Progress of Force to 1800......Page 31 Ancient Ways......Page 32 Ages Dark......Page 39 The Early Modern Age......Page 44 A Vision of Strategy......Page 47 States and Dissenters......Page 54 Conclusion......Page 60 Chapter 3: “The Civilizing Mission”: European Dominance to 1914......Page 68 Global Reach......Page 71 Systemic Violence......Page 76 The Apogee of Western Power......Page 83 The Industrial Revolution at Sea......Page 85 Conclusion......Page 87 Chapter 4: The World Crisis: 1914–1953......Page 93 The Fatal Cataclysm......Page 94 The Modern System......Page 100 Revolutions, Far and Near......Page 106 A Rule of Law......Page 109 A World Split Asunder......Page 117 The Cold War Begins......Page 125 Conclusion......Page 127 Chapter 5: A Frozen World, 1953–1990......Page 135 The Nuclear Dilemma......Page 136 The West Retreats......Page 146 Asymmetric Conflict......Page 150 Struggling for Hearts and Minds......Page 153 High Tide for Revolution......Page 156 Revolution Fails......Page 164 The Second Cold War and Its Prophets......Page 167 The End of Empire......Page 176 Conclusion......Page 181 Chapter 6: A Liberal Order?......Page 192 Iraq Wars......Page 193 Which Lessons?......Page 196 A New World Order......Page 200 Repercussions......Page 203 The New Terrorism......Page 207 A Global War on Terror......Page 212 Conclusion......Page 216 Chapter 7: Information Wars......Page 224 A Freedom Agenda......Page 225 Insurgencies......Page 227 Virtual Borders......Page 234 The New Surveillance......Page 240 A Return to War......Page 242 The New Caliphate......Page 247 A Clash of Worlds?......Page 251 Conclusion......Page 255 Chapter 8: Conclusion: Force and Trust in the Future......Page 269 Principles of Force for Global Reach......Page 271 A New Domain for Force......Page 273 New Kinds of Cooperation and Conveyance......Page 275 New Types of Comprehension......Page 277 What Does It Mean?......Page 279 Bibliography......Page 287 Index......Page 308