Leaders For Tomorrow: Challenges For Military Leadership In The Age Of Asymmetric Warfare

Description

Since the end of bipolarism, the concept of asymmetric warfare, and of asymmetric conflict in general, has been increasingly applied with regard to armed forces activities and tasks. This book presents the findings of comparative empirical research conducted in selected military units by a group of distinguished experts on military organization, who hail from the eight participating countries: Bulgaria, Cameroon, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, the Philippines and Spain. It discusses remarks made by military leaders with extensive experience in the field regarding current doctrines on military leadership and their applicability in the field, as well as proposals and suggestions for new directions. [...] These are just some of the many voices stemming from the ground in diverse international asymmetric conflict theatres (in Iraq, in Kosovo, in Afghanistan…), comments by military officers, commanders at different hierarchical levels, asked to reflect on their experiences as military leaders in crisis response operations. Military professionals, and military leaders in particular, perceive themselves as facing ambiguous situations that require an update in their professional training, and new skills to confront unexpected and unpredictable factors. Drawing on lived experiences, the book offers insights into what a new kind of leadership means when leaders have to cope with diverse and unclear missions. It also addresses leadership styles and behaviours, as well as individual adaptive behaviours on the part of military leaders, with special reference to middle and middle-high level ranks, such as captains, majors and colonels. Given its scope, the book will appeal not only to military professionals and military affairs scholars and experts, but also to readers interested in gaining a better understanding of the challenges that international expeditionary units are facing in crisis areas around the globe. Preface......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 A New Kind of Leadership?......Page 10 1 Premise......Page 11 2 A New Kind of Leadership?......Page 13 3 Some Concepts and Definitions......Page 14 4.2 National Samples Characteristics......Page 17 5 Leadership and Military Leadership in Asymmetric Theatres. A Cross-National Comparison......Page 19 5.1 The Many Aspects of a Complex Environment: Voices from the Ground in International Asymmetric Conflicts Operations......Page 20 Annex 1—The Questionnaire And Interviewer Guide......Page 25 References......Page 27 1 Introduction and Theoretical Remarks......Page 30 3 The Collaborators......Page 35 5 The Situation......Page 36 References......Page 42 1 Introduction......Page 44 2 Theoretical Background......Page 45 3.2 The Starting Hypotheses......Page 49 3.3 The Variables Studied......Page 50 4.1 Perception of Cultural Diversity......Page 51 4.2 Cultural Problems......Page 53 4.3 Training......Page 61 5 Conclusion: A New Model of Training......Page 62 6 What About Leadership Concerning Cultural Diversity?......Page 64 References......Page 66 Leadership Problems for Armed Forces in Asymmetric Warfare Operations......Page 68 The Education and Training of Military Leaders for Crisis Management Environments: Perceptions of Its Suitability for Adaptive Expertise......Page 69 1 Adaptive Expertise......Page 70 2.2 Experiences of Basic Training and Military Education......Page 72 2.3 Experiences of Specific Training......Page 78 2.4 Conclusions and Discussion......Page 84 References......Page 86 1 Introduction......Page 88 2 Local Actors and the Mission: A Theoretical Approach......Page 89 3 Local Actors and Soldiers in Interaction......Page 93 4 Conclusions......Page 102 References......Page 103 1 Introduction......Page 106 2.1 Coalition Hierarchy and Degree of Autonomy for Making Independent Decisions......Page 108 2.2 Command Relationships Within Coalition Forces and Patterns of Everyday Relationships Among Partners......Page 110 2.3 Interoperability Issues in Multinational Coalition Forces......Page 114 2.4 Interactions of Coalition Forces with Local Militaries......Page 116 3 Lessons Learned and Suggestions for Improving Operational Effectiveness in Multinational Military Coalitions......Page 118 References......Page 120 1 Introduction......Page 122 2 What Are the ROE?......Page 126 3 Views on ROE Given by Officers with Asymmetric Warfare Experience......Page 129 4 Conclusions......Page 141 References......Page 142 1 Officers Sample......Page 145 2.1 No Problems......Page 146 2.2 Problems......Page 147 2.3 War......Page 149 2.4 Leadership......Page 150 3 Solutions to Morale Problems......Page 152 4 Consequences for the Concept of Morale......Page 153 5 How to Handle Morale Problems in Asymmetric Warfare......Page 154 References......Page 155 1 Introduction......Page 156 2 Sample of the Research......Page 158 3.1 Baptism of Fire......Page 160 4 Armed Encounters......Page 161 5 Loss of Human Life......Page 162 6 Casualties of Own Troops......Page 163 8 Barbarities and Human Rights Violations......Page 164 10 Frustration......Page 165 11 Road (Sea) Accidents......Page 166 12 Contacts with Locals......Page 167 12.1 Battle Rhythm and Battle Incidents......Page 169 13 Armed Encounters.......Page 170 15 Ambushes......Page 172 16 Attacks from Opposing Forces When Executing Tasks......Page 173 17 Self-Defense......Page 174 18 Separation of Warring Parties......Page 175 19 Green on Blue Events......Page 176 20 Loss of Human Life......Page 177 22 Witness of Battle Incidents......Page 178 23 Activation of IED or VBIED......Page 179 25 Frustration......Page 180 26 Road (Sea) Accidents......Page 182 27 Contacts with Locals......Page 183 28 Other Issues of Operational Experience......Page 188 29 Interaction with International and Nongovernmental Organizations......Page 189 29.1 Discussion......Page 190 30 Leadership and Commandership......Page 193 31 Conclusions......Page 195 References......Page 198 Logistic Mission Processing......Page 200 1 Provision of Individual Equipment......Page 201 2 Military Equipment and Armament......Page 204 3 Accommodations......Page 206 4 Medical Service......Page 207 6 Conclusions on Logistics......Page 209 References......Page 210 1 Introduction......Page 211 2 Civil-Military Relations on the Ground......Page 212 3 Leadership and Civil-Military Relations......Page 214 4 Relationship with Local Security Forces......Page 216 5 Relationship with Local Authorities......Page 217 6 Relationship with Local Host Community......Page 218 7 Relationship with International Government Organizations, Non-government Organisations and the Media......Page 220 8 Problems......Page 221 9 Analysis and Conclusion......Page 223 References......Page 224 1 Introduction......Page 226 3 Method and Techniques......Page 228 3.1 Training and Specific Training......Page 229 3.3 Received basic Training, His Correspondence, Proposals......Page 230 3.4 Specific Training Received (Governance, Cultural, Socio-political Training), its Correspondence, the Mission Influence on Your Ability in These Fields, Proposals......Page 231 3.5 Logistical Issues......Page 232 3.6 Interaction with Other Actors......Page 235 4 Conclusion......Page 237 Bibliography......Page 239 Experiences of Dutch Junior Leadership in Uruzgan (Afghanistan) between 2006 and 2010......Page 240 1 Introduction......Page 241 1.1 The Objectives of the Project......Page 242 2.1 Team Building......Page 243 2.2 Mental Component......Page 244 2.4 Departure......Page 245 3.1 Arrival......Page 246 3.2 The Takeover......Page 247 3.3 Counterinsurgency (COIN)......Page 248 3.4 Leadership......Page 250 3.5 Command Relations......Page 251 3.6 Responses Under Extreme Conditions......Page 253 3.7 Ethical Dilemmas......Page 254 3.8 Frustration......Page 256 4.1 Return Home......Page 257 4.2 Looking Back on the Mission......Page 258 4.3 Coping......Page 259 5 Part IV: The Key Question......Page 260 6.1 Review......Page 261 6.2 The Future......Page 262 References......Page 263