The Linguistic Typology of Templates

Description

Frontmatter Contents Figures Tables Acknowledgements Glossing abbreviations 1 Defining template 1.1 Templates: often invoked, but undertheorized 1.2 Theoretical context of this study 1.3 Templates as unexpected linearity 1.4 An initial survey of template types 1.4.1 Templates in phonology, morphology, and syntax 1.4.2 Morphophonological templates 1.4.3 Morphosyntactic templates 1.4.4 Phonological templates 1.4.5 Syntactic templates 1.4.6 Other uses of the word template 1.5 Templates: a twice incoherent class of phenomena 1.6 Wastebaskets as a tool for theory refinement 1.7 Templates as analyses not “grammar” 1.8 Previous work on template typology 1.8.1 Two previous lines of research on the typology of templates 1.8.2 The Prosodic Morphology Hypothesis 1.8.3 Templatic morphology and layered morphology 1.9 Typologizing templates 2 A typological description language for templates 2.1 The language of linear stipulation 2.2 Overview of the classificatory scheme 2.3 Components 2.3.1 Three high-level component features 2.3.2 Filledness 2.3.3 Elasticity 2.3.4 Stability 2.3.5 Specific examples of component descriptions 2.4 Desmemes 2.4.1 Five high-level desmeme features 2.4.2 Conditioning 2.4.3 Violability 2.4.4 Stricture 2.4.5 Foundation 2.4.6 Function 2.4.7 Specific examples of desmeme descriptions 2.5 Additional templatic complexities 2.5.1 Four additional issues in templatic description 2.5.2 Multiple templatic types targeting a single constituent 2.5.3 Multiple templates converging on a single domain 2.5.4 Language-specific subgrouping of templates 2.5.5 Templates within templates 2.6 Typed feature structures and templatic descriptions 2.7 The nature of typologization in the present study 2.8 What kind of typological results might we expect? 2.9 Implementing the description language in a database 3 Typologizing templates: case studies 3.1 Introduction to the case studies 3.2 Turkish stems 3.3 Chintang prefixes 3.4 Nimboran verbs 3.5 Four templates found in Bantu verb stems 3.5.1 Templatic ordering in Bantu verbal extensions 3.5.2 Bantu causativizing suffixes 3.5.3 Bantu causativization and applicativization 3.5.4 Chichewa Applicative and Reciprocal 3.5.5 Tiene verbs 3.5.6 The Bantu verb stem and templatic convergence 3.6 Chechen Preverbal ’a 3.6.1 A syntactic size template 3.6.2 The positioning of Preverbal ’a 3.6.3 Possible analyses that cannot account for the verbal copy 3.6.4 The prosody of clitics with the shape ’a 3.6.5 The Chechen cosubordination template 3.7 Serbo-Croatian je 3.8 Serbo-Croatian topicalization 3.9 Aghem clauses 3.10 Mande clauses 3.11 Meskwaki clauses 3.12 German clauses 3.13 Two non-templatic desmemes in English 3.13.1 Two templatic “controls” 3.13.2 The English plural 3.13.3 The English verb phrase 3.14 Summary of the case studies 4 Typologizing templates: comparison 4.1 Comparing templatic descriptions 4.2 From graphs to a similarity metric 4.2.1 The generality of graph structures 4.2.2 A node-centric method for holistic graph comparison 4.2.3 An overall view of templatic similarity in the database 4.3 Detecting similar subparts of templates 4.3.1 Examining nodes and arcs in graph comparison 4.3.2 Pairwise connectivity graphs 4.3.3 Pairwise connectivity graphs and nodal similarity 4.3.4 Some sample results from the database 4.4 Exploiting the database to detect typological universals 4.5 The feasibility of graph-based typology 5 Moving forward 5.1 Next steps in the study of templatic constructions 5.2 Extending the present study 5.2.1 What is a valid sample? 5.2.2 Achieving consistency in coding 5.2.3 “Invisible” templates 5.3 Explaining templates 5.3.1 To what extent are templates “real”? 5.3.2 Are there impossible templates? 5.3.3 Where do templates come from? Appendix: Specification of template description language References Author index Language index Term index