A Grammar of Dhimal

Description

CONTENTS EDITORIAL FOREWORD LIST OF FIGURES ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Goals 1.2 Dhimal 1.3 The Dhimal environment 1.4 Material culture 1.5 Cosmology 1.6 Socioculture 1.7 Political history 1.8 Linguistic and cultural preservation CHAPTER TWO: PHONOLOGY 2.1 Consonants 2.1.1 Phonetic description of Dhimal phonemes and allophones 2.1.2 Distinctiveness of consonant phonemes 2.2 Vowels 2.2.1 Phonetic description of Dhimal vowel phonemes 2.2.2 Distinctiveness of vowel phonemes 2.3 Segmental phonology 2.3.1 Assimilation and dissimilation 2.4 Prosody 2.5 Vowel harmony 2.6 Variation 2.7 Writing system CHAPTER THREE: NOMINAL MORPHOLOGY 3.1 Nouns 3.1.1 Nominalisation 3.1.2 Adjectives 3.1.3 Gender 3.2 Number 3.2.1 Plural 3.2.2 Numerals 3.2.3 Classifiers and measure words 3.3 Pronominals 3.3.1 Personal pronouns 3.3.2 Possessive pronouns 3.3.3 Demonstrative, interrogative and indefinite pronouns 3.4 Reflexive 3.5 Postpositions and case marking 3.5.1 Genitive 3.5.2 Locative 3.5.3 Instrumental 3.5.4 Elative 3.5.5 Circumlocative 3.5.6 Dative 3.5.7 Comitative 3.5.8 Allative 3.5.9 Individuating postposition 3.6 Comparative CHAPTER FOUR: VERBAL MORPHOLOGY 4.1 Morphosyntactic processes 4.1.1 Affixation 4.1.2 Reduplication 4.2 Verb stems and the infinitive 4.2.1 Verb stems 4.2.2 The infinitive 4.3 Copulas and existentials 4.3.1 Existential 4.3.2 Negative Existential 4.3.3 Equationals 4.4 Negation 4.4.1 Prefixal negation 4.4.2 Absolute negative 4.5 Manner adverbs 4.6 Participant reference marking 4.6.1 First person singular 4.6.2 Second person singular 4.6.3 Third person 4.6.4 First person dual 4.6.5 Second person dual 4.6.6 First person plural 4.6.7 Second person plural 4.6.8 Collective 4.6.9 Reciprocal 4.6.10 Imperious 1s–2 4.6.11 Imperious 3s–2 4.6.12 Affinal kin register 4.7 Tense and aspect 4.7.1 Tense 4.7.2 Aspect 4.7.3 Periphrastic resultatives 4.8 Deictic motion 4.8.1 Distal 4.8.2 Intentive 4.8.3 Indeterminate motion 4.8.4 Relinquitive 4.8.5 Venitive 4.9 Valency 4.9.1 Middle 4.9.2 Passive 4.9.3 Causative 4.9.4 Indirect causative 4.9.5 Periphrastic causative 4.9.6 Directive 4.10 Directives 4.10.1 Optative 4.10.2 Adhortatives 4.10.3 Imperatives CHAPTER FIVE: THE SENTENCE 5.1 Non-finite clauses 5.1.1 Sequential 5.1.2 Co-temporal 5.1.3 Concessive 5.1.4 Conditional 5.1.5 Negative conditional 5.1.6 Purposive 5.1.7 Implicational 5.2 Epistemic, mirative and attitudinal morphemes 5.2.1 Deductive 5.2.2 Dubitative 5.2.3 Mirative 5.2.4 Apparentive 5.2.5 Exclamative 5.3 Information structure 5.3.1 Topic 5.3.2 Assertive focus 5.3.3 Argument and sentence focus 5.3.4 Presuppositional 5.3.5 Referential particle 5.3.6 Assertive 5.3.7 Contrastive 5.4 Sentence structure 5.4.1 Relative clauses 5.4.2 Reported speech and complementation 5.4.3 Interrogatives 5.4.4 Adhortative tag 5.4.5 Tag questions 5.4.6 Particle ki TEXT ONE: COURTING TEXT TWO: CATCHING RATS TEXT THREE: HUNTING MONITOR LIZARDS TEXT FOUR: THE LOWLAND STRONG MAN TEXT FIVE: THE TIGER AND THE YOGI TEXT SIX: THE SPLITTING OF THE BANANA LEAF TEXT SEVEN: THE JACKAL AND THE BEAR TEXT EIGHT: THE SNAKE HUSBAND TEXT NINE: THE BOY AND THE KING'S DAUGHTER TEXT TEN: THE EVIL STEPMOTHER TEXT ELEVEN: WHERE CHICKENS COME FROM TEXT TWELVE: SHIT EATER TEXT THIRTEEN: THE SICK ONE TEXT FOURTEEN: MAKING RICE BEER TEXT FIFTEEN: WEDDING CEREMONY TEXT SIXTEEN: ASARE CELEBRATION TEXT SEVENTEEN: LATER CLAN WORSHIP DURING PARBA RIDDLES SONGS INFLEXIONAL PARADIGMS KINSHIP TERMS DHIMAL-ENGLISH GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY