British English Phonetic Transcription

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Symbols for phonemic transcription Phonetic symbols and diacritics The International Phonetic Alphabet Preface and acknowledgements Before you start transcribing… Part A Transcribing Words 1 The Familiar Consonants /p b t d k ɡ f v s z h m n w l r/ and the Vowels /ɪ æ e ɒ ʌ ʊ/ 1.1 Consonants With Familiar Symbols 1.2 The Kit /ɪ/ Vowel 1.3 The Trap /æ/ Vowel 1.4 The Dress /e/ Vowel 1.5 The Lot /ɒ/ Vowel 1.6 The Strut /ʌ/ Vowel 1.7 The Foot /ʊ/ Vowel 1.8 Chapter Revision 2 Primary Stress, Schwa /ə/ and Unstressed Kit /ɪ/ 2.1 Word Stress 2.2 Schwa /ə/ 2.3 The Unstressed Kit /ɪ/ Vowel 2.4 Variation Between Schwa /ə/ and Kit /ɪ/ 2.5 Chapter Revision 3 Consonants With Unfamiliar Symbols /ʃ ʒ ʧ ʤ j ŋ θ ð/ 3.1 The Unfamiliar Consonant /ʃ/ 3.2 The Unfamiliar Consonant /ʒ/ 3.3 The Unfamiliar Consonant /ʧ/ 3.4 The Unfamiliar Consonant /ʤ/ 3.5 The Unfamiliar Consonant /j/ 3.6 The Unfamiliar Consonant /ŋ/ 3.7 The Unfamiliar Consonants /θ/ and /ð/ 3.8 Chapter Revision 4 The Fleece /iː / and Goose /uː / Vowels 4.1 The Fleece /iː / Vowel 4.2 The Unstressed Fleece /iː / Vowel 4.3 The Goose /uː / Vowel 4.4 The Unstressed Goose /uː / Vowel 4.5 Chapter Revision 5 The palm /ɑː /, thought /ɔː /, nurse /ɜː / and Square /ɛː / Vowels 5.1 The Palm /ɑː / Vowel 5.2 The Thought /ɔː / Vowel 5.3 The Nurse /ɜː / Vowel 5.4 The Square /ɛː / Vowel 5.5 Chapter Revision 6 The Face /eɪ/, Price /aɪ/ and choice /ɔɪ/ Vowels 6.1 The Face /eɪ/ Vowel 6.2 The Price /aɪ/ Vowel 6.3 The Choice /ɔɪ/ Vowel 6.4 Face /eɪ/, price /aɪ/ and choice /ɔɪ/ Before Vowels 6.5 Chapter Revision 7 The Goat /əʊ/ and Mouth /aʊ/ Vowels 7.1 The Goat /əʊ/ Vowel 7.2 The Mouth /a./ Vowel 7.3 Goat /əʊ/ and Mouth /aʊ/ Before Vowels 7.4 Chapter Revision 8 The near /ɪə/ and cure /ʊə/ Vowels 8.1 The Near /ɪə/ Vowel 8.2 The Cure /ʊə/ Vowel 8.3 Diphthong Revision 9 Syllabic Consonants 9.1 Syllabic Consonants 9.2 Syllabic /l/ 9.3 Syllabic /n/ 9.4 Sequences of Syllabic Consonants 9.5 Syllabic /m/ and /ŋ/ 9.6 Desyllabification 9.7 Chapter Revision 10 Secondary Stress 10.1 Secondary Stress Before the Primary Stress 10.2 Secondary Stress After the Primary Stress 10.3 Word-Stress Pairs 10.4 Sequences of Unstressed Syllables 10.5 Stressing of Compounds 10.6 Chapter Revision 11 Inflections and Epenthesis 11.1 The -ed Inflection 11.2 The -s Inflection 11.3 Epenthesis 11.4 Optional Consonants 11.5 Chapter Revision Part B Transcribing Connected Speech 12 Connected Speech and Liaison 12.1 Introducing Connected Speech 12.2 Liaison 12.3 Analogical /r/-Liaison 12.4 Liaison in Teaching English As a Foreign Language (TEFL) 12.5 Chapter Revision 13 Stress and Weak Forms 13.1 Transcribing Stress in Connected Speech 13.2 Weak Forms and Contractions 13.3 Weak Forms and Contractions: Personal Pronouns 13.4 Weak Forms and Contractions: Possessive Adjectives 13.5 Weak Forms and Contractions: Articles and Quantifiers 13.6 Weak Forms and Contractions: Prepositions 13.7 Weak Forms and Contractions: BE 13.8 Weak Forms and Contractions: Auxiliary Have 13.9 Weak Forms and Contractions: Auxiliary Do 13.10 Weak Forms and Contractions: Modal Verbs 13.11 Weak Forms and Contractions: Conjunctions 13.12 Weak Forms and Contractions: Miscellaneous 13.13 Use of Strong Forms 14 Elision 14.1 Elision 14.2 Elision of /t/ 14.3 Elision of /t/ in /st/ + Consonant 14.4 Elision of /t/ in /kt/ + Consonant 14.5 Elision of /t/ in /ft/ + Consonant 14.6 Elision of /t/ in /pt/ + Consonant 14.7 Elision of /t/ in /ʃt/ and /ʧt/ + Consonant 14.8 Elision of /d/ 14.9 Elision of /d/ in /nd/ + Consonant 14.10 Elision of /d/ in /ld/ + Consonant 14.11 Elision of / d/ in /md ŋd bd ɡd ʤd vd ðd zd ʒd/ + consonant 14.12 Elision of /k/ in /sk/ + Consonant 14.13 Elision of /p/ and /k/ in /mpt/ and /ŋkt/ 14.14 Chapter Revision 15 Assimilation 15.1 Assimilation 15.2 Assimilation of /n/ to /m/ 15.3 Assimilation of /n/ to /ŋ/ 15.4 Assimilation of Syllabic /n/ to Syllabic /m/ Or /ŋ/ 15.5 Assimilation of /d/ to /b/ 15.6 Assimilation of /d/ to /g/ 15.7 Assimilation of /t/ to /p/ 15.8 Assimilation of /t/ to /k/ 15.9 Assimilation of /s/ to /ʃ/ and /z/ to /ʒ/ 15.10 Coalescent Assimilation of /t/ and /j/ to /ʧ/, and /d/ and /j/ to /ʤ/ 15.11 Variable Coalescent Assimilation of /s/ and /z/ + /j/ 15.12 Assimilation Or Elision 15.13 Multiple Assimilations, Or Elision Combined With Assimilation 15.14 Assimilation of /ð/ 15.15 Assimilation of /ən/ in Happen, Taken, etc. 15.16 Simplification of Fricative Clusters 15.17 Voicing in Obstruent + Obstruent Clusters 15.18 Irregular Assimilations and Elisions 15.19 Chapter Revision 16 Connected Speech Extended Practice Part C Transcribing Intonation 17 An Introduction to Intonation 17.1 Transcribing Intonation 17.2 The Anatomy of Intonation: The Nucleus 17.3 The Anatomy of Intonation: Nuclear Tones 17.4 The Anatomy of Intonation: The Tail 17.5 The Anatomy of Intonation: The Head 17.6 The Anatomy of Intonation: The Pre-Head 18 Nucleus and Tail 18.1 The Nucleus and the Nuclear Tones 18.2 Short Syllables 18.3 Tails 18.4 Chapter Revision 19 Head and Pre-Head 19.1 Heads 19.2 Pre-Heads 19.3 Chapter Revision 19.4 Intonation Revision I 19.5 Intonation Revision II 20 Intonation extended Practice Appendix A Summary of consonant and vowel theory A.1 The vocal tract A.2 Consonants A.3 Vowels Appendix B Phonetic transcription B.1 Phonemic and phonetic transcription B.2 Accurate IPA symbols B.3 Variation in length B.4 Nasalisation B.5 Aspiration and fricative /r/ B.6 Devoicing of obstruents B.7 Glottal reinforcement, ejectives and glottal replacement B.8 Fronting, retracting and lip-rounding B.9 Clear and dark /l/ B.10 Release stage of plosives B.11 Voiced /t/, labio-dental nasal [ɱ] and allophones of /h/ B.12 Chapter revision References and Suggested Reading Index