Nuclear and radiochemistry Volume 1. Introduction; volume 2. Modern applications.

Description

Contents......Page 10 Preface......Page 6 1.1 The philosophy of atoms......Page 14 1.2 The inner structure of the atom......Page 18 1.3 The shell and the nucleus......Page 20 1.4 Quantum mechanics......Page 31 1.5 Mathematical explanations of the Bohr atom model......Page 37 1.6 Outlook......Page 45 2.1 The neutron......Page 50 2.2 Nuclide notations and isotopes......Page 52 2.3 Conventional parameters of the nucleus......Page 55 2.4 Mass vs. energy of the nucleus: the mass defect......Page 65 2.5 Outlook......Page 69 3.1 Stable nuclides and the Chart of Nuclides......Page 72 3.2 Mass, mass defect, nucleon binding energy......Page 76 3.3 The liquid drop model......Page 81 3.4 The nuclear shell model......Page 92 3.5 Outlook......Page 106 4.1 Unstable nuclei and the Chart of Nuclides......Page 110 4.2 Unstable nuclides on earth......Page 117 4.3 Outlook......Page 120 5.1 Transformation parameters......Page 122 5.2 Correlations between radioactivity, number of unstable nuclides and masses......Page 129 5.3 Units of radioactivity......Page 137 5.4 Classes of radioactive transformations......Page 142 5.5 Outlook......Page 161 6.1 Transformation processes overview......Page 162 6.2 Primary transformation pathways......Page 167 6.3 Energetic......Page 171 6.4 ß-transformation processes (?A = 0)......Page 174 6.5 Cluster emission and spontaneous fission processes (?A ? 0)......Page 184 6.6 Successive and simultaneous transformations......Page 187 6.7 Secondary transitions......Page 189 6.8 Outlook......Page 193 7.1 Elementary particles......Page 196 7.2 Quarks......Page 201 7.3 Elementary particles relevant to ß-transformations......Page 203 7.4 Quantum theory of ß-transformation phenomena......Page 213 7.5 Outlook......Page 218 8.1 Phenomenology......Page 220 8.2 Energetics of ß-transformations......Page 222 8.3 Kinetic energetics of ß-transformation products......Page 227 8.4 Velocities of ß-transformations......Page 236 8.5 Selection rules......Page 240 8.6 Excited states......Page 248 8.7 Examples and applications......Page 250 8.8 Outlook......Page 256 9.1 Introduction......Page 260 9.2 Mass balances in a-transformations......Page 262 9.3 Pathways of a-emission......Page 264 9.4 Energetics......Page 267 9.5 Velocities of a-transformation......Page 275 9.6 Quantum mechanics of a-transformation phenomena......Page 277 9.7 Excited states......Page 282 9.8 Examples of applications......Page 285 9.9 Outlook......Page 290 10.1 Introduction......Page 296 10.2 Occurrence of spontaneous fission......Page 297 10.3 Pathways of fission......Page 301 10.4 Energetics......Page 314 10.5 Velocities of spontaneous fission......Page 316 10.6 Follow-up processes of initial fission......Page 319 10.7 Examples of applications......Page 323 10.8 Outlook......Page 324 11.1 From primary to secondary transformations......Page 328 11.2 Photon emission......Page 333 11.3 Conversion electrons......Page 347 11.4 Pair formation......Page 352 11.5 Energies and velocities......Page 353 11.6 Examples of applications of photon emissions......Page 358 11.7 Outlook......Page 361 12.1 Post-processes paralleling primary and secondary nuclear transformations......Page 364 12.2 Post-processes due to the positron......Page 367 12.3 Vacancies of shell electrons......Page 375 12.4 Examples of applications of post-effects......Page 385 12.5 Outlook......Page 388 13.1 Artificially produced radionuclides......Page 392 13.2 General mechanism of nuclear reactions......Page 395 13.3 Energetics......Page 402 13.4 Yields of nuclear reaction products......Page 407 13.5 Radionuclide production using neutrons......Page 424 13.6 Radionuclide production using charged particles......Page 433 13.7 Outlook......Page 441 14 Appendix......Page 450 Index......Page 466