The Tenants in the Vineyard: Ideology, Economics, and Agrarian Conflict in Jewish Palestine

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Cover Widmung Preface to the new Edition Preface Table of Contents Figures Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1. Ideology and the Momentum of Interpretation Ideology and Interpretation 1. Defining Ideology: Three Approaches 2. Noticing Ideology The Parable and the Defence of Social Power 1. William Arnot: The Triumph of Colonialism 2. Irenaeus and Eusebius: Dispossessing the Jews 3. Mastering the Self: Mediaeval and Early Modern Readings Ideology and the Structure of the Parable Chapter 2. The Ideological Textures of the Parable of the Tenants in the Synoptics and Thomas The Shape of the Parable in the Intracanonical Gospels 1. Ideology Concealed Abstraction Cross-Reference and Analogy Framing 2. Material Relations in the Markan Parable Ownership Absenteeism Inheritance Legitimate and Criminal Violence Social Rank The Parable of the Tenants as a Critique of Power 1. The Ideological Shaping of GThom 65 Framing 2. Material Relations in the Gospel of Thomas The Tenants and the Historical Jesus Wealth and Inheritance Absenteeism Deadly Force Status and Status Displays Chapter 3. The Tenants as an Early Christian Allegory Parable versus Allegory The Tenants as a Christian Interpretation of Jesus’ Death Mark 12,1–9 as an Epitome of Deuteronomistic Theology A Developing Allegory Is the Parable an Allegory? Chapter 4. Israel, the Temple, and the Fate of Jesus The Parable as Prophetic Warning A Metaphor for God’s Relation to Israel Judgment of Israel’s Leaders The Son as John the Baptist Isaiah 5, the Temple Authorities, and Jesus 1. 4Q162 (4QpIsab) 2. 4Q500 (4QpapBened) = 4QBenediction 3. Tosephta Sukkah 3.15 4. The Isaiah Targum 5. Isa 5,1–7 in Early Christian Exegesis The Tenants as Jesus’ Discourse against the Temple Élite? Summary and Critique Chapter 5. The Parable as Realistic Fiction The Parable of the Patient Vineyard Owner 1 C.H. Dodd 2. A.T. Cadoux and B.D. Smith 3. Joachim Jeremias: Vindicating the Gospel to the Poor 4. J.D.M. Derrett: Savvy Tenants 5. Martin Hengel: A Threat of God’s Judgment 6. Protagonist and Plot The Tenants’ Story: Blindness, Imprudence, or Roguish Success? 1. Dan O. Via: Evil as Tragic Blindness 2. Newell and Newell: Just Expectations / Imprudent Action 3. J. D. Crossan: The Rogues’ Success 4. Protagonist and Plot A Élite Landowner and Desperate Tenants 1. David Hester: Who Is the Heir? 2. William Herzog: Peasant Revolt and the Spiral of Violence 3. Willy Schottroff: Agrarian Conflict and Desperate Measures 4. Protagonist and Plot A Confusion of Interpretations Chapter 6. Isaiah 5,1–7, Egyptian Viticulture and Mark 12,1.9 Isaiah 5,1–7 in the MT and the LXX 1. The Hebrew Version General Structure Philological Comments 2. The Septuagintal Version General Structure Philological Comments Mark 12,1.9 and Isaiah 5,1–7 Objections and Response Conclusion Chapter 7. The Parable of the Tenants in Matthew and Luke Matthew’s Use of the Parable 1. The Context 2. Matthaean Redaction Matt 21,43: Redaction or Pre-Matthaean? The Meaning of Ethnos 3. Matthew’s Sources and Editorial Interests Matthew’s Sources Matthaean Editorial Interests Luke’s Use of the Parable 1. The Lukan Context 2. Lukan Redaction 3. Luke’s Sources and Editorial Interests Chapter 8. The Parable of the Tenants in Mark and Thomas The Markan Version (12,1–12) 1. The Markan Context 2. Markan Redaction and Pre-Markan Tradition Gospel of Thomas 65–66 1. The Context of GThom 65–66 2. Thomas and the Synoptics Towards a Tradition History of the Parable of the Tenants Chapter 9. Reading Ancient Viticulture Tenancy and Large Estates in Jewish Palestine 1. The Expansion of Estates in Jewish Palestine Expansion and Its Effects on Labour 2. The Growth of Tenancy 3. Wine and Wealth 4. Who Were the Tenants? 5. Élite Tenants? Absenteeism Conflict Sending the Son A New or Producing Vineyard? Murder and Inheritance Self-Help or Deus ex Machina in Mark 12,9 1. Self-Help in Greek, Roman, and Palestinian Law 2. Self-Help in the Parable of the Tenants Conclusion Epilogue Appendix I: Dossier on Vineyard Leasing and Operations (III BCE–IV CE) Appendix II: List of Vineyard Leases (III BCE–VII CE) Bibliography Index Nominum Index Locorum Subjects and Terminology