Globalization: Prerequisites, Effects, Resistances

Description

This textbook deals with the progressive global dissolution of political, economic, and social boundaries, which has significant implications for labor markets, the international division of labor, social security, and income distribution. Politically, it is eroding the sovereign ability of nation-states to shape their own affairs; socially, it conjures up the specter of an increasingly global culture of unity. Against the background of the empirical effects of globalization processes in a number of areas, the book discusses to what extent these fears are justified, whether they cannot also be explained by other developments, and whether the benefits of globalization justify the costs and risks resulting from it. Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Globalization on the Brink? 1.2 Preliminaries to the Concept of Globalization 1.3 Definitions of Globalization and Their Problems 1.4 What’s New about the Current Globalization Phase 1.5 Measurement of Globalization References 2 Globalization and Technological Development: Production, Transport and Communication 2.1 Overview 2.1.1 Globalization as a Result of Technological Change 2.1.2 Manufacturing Technology 2.1.3 Transport 2.1.4 Communication 2.2 Industrial Revolution and Globalization 2.3 Industry 4.0: Future Perspectives 2.4 Technology and Socio-Economic Development References 3 Political Globalization: Democracy, International Organizations and Global Civil Society 3.1 General Relationships 3.2 Political Causes of Globalization 3.3 The Role of International Organizations in Globalization 3.4 The Role of International Civil Society in Globalization References 4 Trade 4.1 Development of World Trade 4.2 The Expansion of Foreign Trade and Its Causes 4.3 Motives for Global Trade Liberalization 4.4 What are the Reasons for the Resistance to Trade Liberalization? 4.5 Distribution of Foreign Trade Gains References 5 Foreign Investment 5.1 Foreign Investment, in Particular by Transnational Corporations: Development and Focus 5.2 Increase in Foreign Investment and Its Causes 5.3 Scope and Distribution of Foreign Investment 5.4 The Splitting of Value Chains by International Corporations 5.5 Causes of the Increase in Private Foreign Investment 5.6 Effects and Problems of Foreign Investment References 6 International Finance 6.1 The Development and Structure of Global Financial Markets 6.2 The International Capital Market Today 6.3 Benefits of the Internationalization of Capital Flows 6.4 Problematic Effects of Open Financial Markets 6.5 Regional and International Financial Crises 6.6 Crisis Prevention References 7 Migration and Globalization 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Extent and Geographical Distribution of Refugee and Migration Flows 7.3 Causes of Refugee and Migration Movements 7.4 Consequences of Migration for the Host Countries 7.5 Consequences of Migration for Countries of Origin 7.6 The Future of Migration References 8 Globalization and Employment 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Empirics of Employment Worldwide 8.3 Wage Share and Polarization of Labor Markets 8.4 Employment and the Rise of Emerging Economies 8.5 Creation/Destruction of Jobs Through Automation References 9 Globalization and Income Distribution 9.1 What is Problematic About Unequal Distribution? 9.2 Possible Links Between Globalization and Distribution 9.3 Measuring Global and Intra-state Inequality 9.4 The Development of Inequality Worldwide and Within Countries 9.4.1 Global Inequality 9.4.2 Regional/Interstate Inequality 9.5 Globalization as the Main Cause of Income Concentration? 9.6 Solutions References 10 Statehood 10.1 General 10.2 Globalization and Taxation 10.3 Reasons for Continued Taxability 10.4 So No Tax Policy “Race to the Bottom”? References 11 Globalization and the Welfare State 11.1 Problem Statement 11.2 The Theoretical Relationship Between Globalization and the Welfare State and Its Verification 11.3 To the Current Social Policy Empirics 11.4 Deficits in Social Security in the North and South References 12 Globalization and Democracy 12.1 General 12.2 The Spread of Democratic Systems in the Second Globalization Wave 12.3 International Organizations, Civil Society and Democracy References 13 Globalization and Culture 13.1 General 13.2 Different Positions on Cultural Globalization 13.3 The Empirics of Cultural Convergence 13.4 The Global Culture Market References 14 Globalization and Its Opponents 14.1 Opponents of Globalization 14.2 Election Successes of Populist Parties 14.3 Explanatory Patterns of Populist Success 14.3.1 The Socio-Economic Explanation 14.3.2 The Culturalist Explanation 14.3.3 The Political Science Approach 14.4 The Lack of Success of Left-Wing Populists References 15 Global Governance 15.1 Global Governance as a Necessary Counterpart to Globalization 15.2 Global Public Goods 15.3 The Emergence and Expansion of Complex Global Governance 15.4 The Empirics of Global Governance 15.5 The Criticism of Global Governance 15.6 Failure of the Liberal World Order? References 16 Drying up of Globalization Sources or Resilience 16.1 The Empirics of Deglobalization 16.2 Alternatives to Globalization? References