Chest X-rays for Medical Students

Description

Cover Half-Title Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements Learning objectives checklist Part 1 About X-rays What are X-rays? How are X-rays produced? The resulting image on the X-ray film How are X-ray images (radiographs) stored? Hazards and precautions Radiation hazards IRMER 2000 In women of reproductive age Chest X-ray (CXR) views PA erect CXR Other views Normal anatomy on a PA chest X-ray Normal anatomy 1 Normal anatomy 2 Normal anatomy 3 Normal anatomy 4 Normal anatomy 5 Normal anatomy 6 Normal anatomy 7 Normal anatomy 8 Presenting a chest radiograph Be systematic Film quality Rotation Adequate inspiration Part 2 Overview of the ABCDE of chest X-rays The ABCDE of chest X-rays What to look for in A – Airway Tracheal deviation Carinal angle What to look for in B – Breathing Consolidation/Airspace shadowing Air bronchogram Collapse (atelectasis) overview Right upper lobe collapse Middle lobe collapse Right lower lobe collapse Left upper lobe collapse Left lower lobe collapse Pneumonectomy Solitary mass lesion Multiple mass lesions Cavitating lung lesion Fibrosis Pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax Hydropneumothorax Pleural effusion Pulmonary oedema ‘Bat ’s wing ’ pattern shadowing Septal lines What to look for in C – Circulation Dextrocardia Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) Left atrial enlargement Widened mediastinum Hilar enlargement Hiatus hernia What to look for in D – Disability Rib fractures and other bony abnormalities What to look for in E – Everything else Air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum) Subcutaneous emphysema/surgical emphysema Mastectomy Foreign bodies and medical interventions Part 3 Common conditions and their radiological signs Pulmonary embolism Bronchial carcinoma Heart failure Pneumonia Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Tuberculosis Asbestos-related lung disease Self-assessment questions Self-assessment answers Glossary Index EULA