Atlas of Diagnostic Hematology

Description

Ideal as a quick, easy-to-use reference in the laboratory or clinical setting, Atlas of Diagnostic Hematology is an abundantly illustrated guide to the vast range of malignant and non-malignant disorders of the blood. More than 1,200 vibrant, full-color images enable you to identify and compare the unique clinical and histologic features of various blood disorders and confidently reach a diagnosis. Coverage includes photos of actual cases that span the entire range of this complex field, including rare conditions and difficult diagnoses.Features more than 1,200 images including full-color pathologic and clinical images covering a wide range of hematologic malignant and non-malignant conditions. Covers a range of disease stages, from the slightest indication where a diagnosis can be complicated or missed entirely, to what the average blood or biopsy sample signifying disease may look like, to an advanced stage where disease indications are abundantly clear. Helps you distinguish between similar and overlapping features and symptoms to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. Provides up-to-date information on infectious processes in blood and bone marrow, classification system of myeloid neoplasms, and indolent and aggressive mature T and NK-cell lymphomas. Includes diagnostic algorithms with differential diagnoses for conditions with similar histologic features and clinical symptoms. Contains the latest WHO classifications for pathologic, genetic, and clinical information. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Front Cover IFC Atlas of DIAGNOSTIC HEMATOLOGY Atlas of DIAGNOSTIC HEMATOLOGY Copyright Dedication PREFACE CONTRIBUTORS CONTENTS 1 - Normal Hematopoiesis and Blood Cell Maturation HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT ROAD MAPS OF HEMATOPOIESIS: CELLULAR PATHWAYS AS HSCS DIFFERENTIATE INTO TERMINALLY MATURE CELLS Transcriptional Control of Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic Niche REFERENCES 2 - Growth Factors HEMATOPOIETIC CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS SIGNALING AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF HEMATOPOIESIS CYTOKINE RECEPTORS SIGNALING PATHWAYS DOWNSTREAM OF CYTOKINE RECEPTORS WNT Pathway The Ras/MAPK Kinase Pathway PI3 Kinase Pathway JAK-STAT Pathway Cytokine Signaling Pathways MUTATIONS IN SIGNALING COMPONENTS LEAD TO CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS REFERENCES 3 - Hypochromic and Hemolytic Anemias INTRODUCTION HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIAS Iron Deficiency Anemia Anemia of Chronic Disease Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia Other Vitamin Deficiencies Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS Hypochromic and Hemolytic Anemias α-Thalassemia β-Thalassemias Other Thalassemias HEMOLYSIS WITHOUT HYPOCHROMIA Congenital Structural Hemoglobin Disorders . Sickle cell disease (homozygous S hemoglobin) is a severe hemolytic anemia with a markedly shortened red blood cell life span.... . Hemoglobin C is a slightly less common structural hemoglobin variant, with the highest frequency in West Africa, potentially a... . Unstable hemoglobins may lead to a congenital hemolytic anemia with Heinz bodies visible from hemoglobin precipitation on a pe... . Membrane defects cause hemolysis by the inability of the erythrocyte to withstand normal shear stress and distortion required ... Hereditary Spherocytosis Hereditary Elliptocytosis Osmotic Defects Hereditary Xerocytosis Hereditary Stomatosis Acquired Osmotic Defects Enzyme Deficiencies Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Acquired Causes of Hemolytic Anemia . Autoimmune hemolytic anemia may develop as a result of underlying autoimmune disease (particularly systemic lupus erythematosu... . Paroxysmal cold hemoglo . Multiple mechanisms of drug-induced hemolysis have been described. Although proven cases are quite rare, estimated at 1 in 1 m... . Alloimmune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn results from transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies that bin... . Increased intravascular hemolysis may be caused by mechanical disruption in the vasculature or partial vascular occlusions.69 ... . Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) results from an acquired mutation in hematopoietic stem cells in the PIGA gene, loca... Infectious Causes of Hemolytic Anemia Other Systemic Illnesses and Hemolytic Anemia Hyperthyroidism Renal Disease Decrease in Erythropoietin REFERENCES 4 - Megaloblastic Anemia GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE ETIOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY REFERENCES 5 - Myeloproliferative Neoplasms GENERAL OVERVIEW Anchor 253 POLYCYTHEMIA VERA Differential Diagnosis ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA Differential Diagnosis PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS Clinical Presentation Differential Diagnosis Epidemiology and Prognosis Complications CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA Differential Diagnosis REFERENCES 6 - Mast Cell and Non-Myeloproliferative Myeloid Neoplasms GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE Incidence/Etiology Clinical Presentation5–7 Diagnostic Features/Classification LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS/PATHOLOGIC FEATURES Cytogenetic Features Molecular Genetic Features REFERENCES 7 - Myelodysplastic Syndromes GENERAL OVERVIEW WHO CLASSIFICATION MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES Erythroid Cells Myeloid Cells Megakaryocytes FLOW CYTOMETRY IN MDS CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR ABNORMALITIES SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS MDS With Isolated 5q Deletion Hypocellular MDS MDS With Fibrosis REFERENCES 8 - Acute Myeloid Leukemia A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA BASIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL PRESENTATION LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS PATHOLOGIC FEATURES CYTOGENETIC FEATURES MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS PROGNOSIS THE UNIQUE CASE OF ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA REFERENCES 9 - Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE ETIOLOGY CLINICAL PRESENTATION DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES Differential Diagnoses IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC FEATURES CYTOGENETIC FEATURES MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES REFERENCES 10 - B-Cell Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA MONOCLONAL B-CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS B-CELL PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA VARIANT SPLENIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA AND OTHER RARE SPLENIC LYMPHOMAS LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA BURKITT LYMPHOMA AND LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS PLASMA CELL LEUKEMIA REFERENCES 11 - Hodgkin Lymphoma GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE Epidemiology Etiology Clinical Features Diagnostic Studies NODULAR SCLEROSIS CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA MIXED CELLULARITY CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA LYMPHOCYTE-RICH CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA LYMPHOCYTE-DEPLETED CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA GENETICS OF CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA NODULAR LYMPHOCYTE-PREDOMINANT HODGKIN LYMPHOMA GENETICS OF NODULAR LYMPHOCYTE-PREDOMINANT HODGKIN LYMPHOMA1 REFERENCES 12 - Indolent and Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma INTRODUCTION Follicular Lymphoma In Situ Follicular Neoplasia Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma 12 Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Mantle Cell Lymphoma Marginal Zone Lymphoma Small B-Cell Lymphomas With Splenic Involvement Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma AGGRESSIVE B-CELL NEOPLASMS Burkitt Lymphoma Burkitt-Like Lymphoma With 11q Aberration High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma Gray Zone Lymphoma T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma Large B-Cell Lymphoma With IRF4 Rearrangement Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma EBV-Positive DLBCL, Not Otherwise Specified Plasmablastic Lymphoma Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Fibrin-Associated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Primary Effusion Lymphoma REFERENCES 13 - Indolent and Aggressive Mature T-Cell and Natural Killer–Cell Lymphomas Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Features Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course 13 Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Aggressive Natural Killer–Cell Leukemia Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorder of Natural Killer Cells Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMAS WITH SIGNIFICANT LEUKEMIC INVOLVEMENT Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Features Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Systemic EBV+ T-Cell Lymphoma of Childhood Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Chronic Active EBV Infection of T- and NK-Cell Type, Systemic Form Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging NODAL-BASED T-CELL LYMPHOMAS Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma and Other Nodal Lymphomas of T-Follicular Helper Cell Origin Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Positive Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Negative Overview and Incidence Etiology and Histopathology Clinical Course Diagnostic Studies Current Clinical and Radiologic Staging PREDOMINANTLY EXTRANODAL (NONCUTANEOUS) T- AND NATURAL KILLER–CELL LYMPHOMAS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT LEUKEMIC INVOLVEMENT Extranodal Natural Kill–/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type INTESTINAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA Introduction Enteropathy Associated T-Cell Lymphoma Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma (MEITL) Indolent T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Gastrointestinal Tract Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Hydroa Vacciniforme–Like Lymphoproliferative Disorder Severe Mosquito Bite Allergy CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMAS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT LEUKEMIC INVOLVEMENT Primary Cutaneous CD30+ T-Cell Lymphoma Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Lymphomatoid Papulosis Primary Cutaneous Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas, Rare Subtypes Primary Cutaneous γ/δ T-Cell Lymphoma Primary Cutaneous CD8+ Aggressive Epidermotropic Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphoma Primary Cutaneous Acral CD8+ T-Cell Lymphoma Primary CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder REFERENCES 14 - Myeloma and Related Conditions GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE ETIOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY Immunophenotypic Characteristics of Plasma Cell Neoplasm CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Anemia Bone Disease Renal Failure Hypercalcemia Neurologic Symptoms Hyperviscosity Infections Amyloidosis Laboratory Manifestations Investigations to Detect Clonality Protein Electrophoresis Serum-Free Light Chain Investigations for End-Organ Damage Radiographic Evaluation Renal Function Hemogram and Serum Calcium CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC STAGING Cytogenetic and Molecular Features in Multiple Myeloma Future Directions REFERENCES 15 - Childhood Hematopoietic Disorders GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE ETIOLOGY CLINICAL PRESENTATION LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGIC DISEASE ENTITY EXAMPLES REFERENCE 16 - POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE Etiology/Histopathology CLINICAL PRESENTATION LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS DIAGNOSTIC/PATHOLOGIC ENTITY AND CASE EXAMPLES CYTOGENETIC FEATURES MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES REFERENCE 17 - Infectious Processes in Blood and Bone Marrow VIRAL INFECTIONS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS FUNGAL INFECTIONS PARASITIC INFECTIONS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS REFERENCES 18 - Hemophilia GENERAL OVERVIEW AND INCIDENCE Overview of Hemophilia Coagulation Roles of Factors VIII and IX in Coagulation INCIDENCE AND INHERITANCE Incidence Inheritance ETIOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY Factor Level Determines Bleeding Phenotype Molecular Basis of Hemophilia A and B Common Mutations Inversion Inhibitors in Hemophilia Incidence and Etiology Molecular Basis . The majority of mutations associated with inhibitors in both hemophilia A and B are missense mutations resulting in truncated ... Immunology Acquired FVIII Deficiency CLINICAL FEATURES Bleeding Phenotypes Bleeding Emergencies Joint Disease Progression Surgery in Hemophilia Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES Physical Examination Laboratory Analysis Factor Assays Inhibitor Assays Imaging Current Clinical and Pathologic Staging OTHER FACTOR DEFICIENCIES von Willebrand Disease Bleeding Phenotypes Laboratory Analysis REFERENCES 19 - Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy BLOOD COLLECTION BLOOD COMPONENTS APHERESIS PEDIATRIC UNITS LEUKOREDUCTION IRRADIATION BLOOD STORAGE INFECTIOUS DISEASE MARKER TESTING BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY PRETRANSFUSION TESTING Sample Collection ABO Typing Red Cell Antibody Identification HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS/NEWBORN Prophylaxis Against D Alloimmunization BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY PLATELET REFRACTORINESS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TRANSFUSION Bacterial Contamination Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease Hemoglobinuria and Hemoglobinemia Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Transfusion Transmission of Parasites THERAPEUTIC APHERESIS Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura CELLULAR THERAPY Bone Marrow Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Cord Blood CD34 Selection Extracorporeal Photopheresis REFERENCES INDEX A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X IBC