Islam And Security In The West

Description

What changes have the terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001 and the subsequent attacks in Europe brought to Western societies? In what ways have these events and their aftermath impacted on the relationships between Muslim communities and Western societies? This book explores the remaking of the relationship between Islam and Islamism, on the one hand, and security and securitization, on the other hand, by arguing that 9/11 and its aftermath have led to the opening of a new phase in Western and European history and have remade the relationship between Islam and governmental and societal approaches to security. The authors utilize case studies across the Western world to understand this relationship. Introduction......Page 5 Contents......Page 10 List of Contributors......Page 12 List of Figures......Page 14 List of Tables......Page 16 1 Managing the Muslim Diaspora: Comparing Practices and Policies in Several European Cities......Page 17 Inter-Culturalism as a Tool for Social Inclusion......Page 20 Setting the Framework......Page 23 Elements of the Debate......Page 25 Cities in the Mirror......Page 27 Conclusions......Page 31 References......Page 33 2 Accepting Muslims But Fearing Islam? Views Toward Islam and Muslims in 16 Western Countries......Page 37 Methods......Page 39 Predictors......Page 40 Acceptance of Muslims......Page 42 Acceptance of Islam......Page 45 Combined Model......Page 47 Discussion......Page 50 References......Page 53 3 Political Islam: Violent and Non-violent Approaches......Page 55 Political Islam in the West: Cultural Fears and Security Threats......Page 58 From Al-Qaeda to the Islamic State: The Evolution of Global Salafi-Jihadism......Page 64 Conclusion......Page 69 References......Page 70 Introduction......Page 75 Overview......Page 77 Lone Actor Plots, Networks, and Virtual Entrepreneurs......Page 78 The Future of ISIS Attacks......Page 79 Travelers......Page 80 Networked......Page 81 Lone Actors......Page 82 Women Travelers......Page 83 Returning American Travelers......Page 84 ISIS on Mainstream Social Media......Page 85 ISIS and Encryption......Page 86 ISIS Hacktivism......Page 87 Policy Considerations......Page 88 Overview......Page 89 Zoobia Shahnaz......Page 90 Mahde and Moyad Dannon......Page 91 A Brief History of CVE in America......Page 92 CVE Today......Page 94 Conclusion......Page 96 References......Page 97 5 Jihadist Terrorism in Europe......Page 107 Foreign Terrorist Fighters......Page 109 Terrorism: Attacks......Page 111 Terrorism: Attackers......Page 115 Terrorist Plots......Page 120 References......Page 123 Introduction......Page 130 The Role of Alienation and Radicalization in Violent Extremism: A Review of the Literature......Page 135 Research Design and Samples......Page 137 Study 1......Page 138 Study 2......Page 141 Study 3......Page 144 Discussion......Page 146 References......Page 149 7 The Role of the Dialogical Model of Conflict Resolution in the Prevention of Violent Radicalization......Page 154 The Process of Radicalization in Today’s Western Societies......Page 157 Preventive Socialization of Coercive Discourse and Attraction to Violence......Page 161 Dialogic Model of Conflicts Resolution (DMCR)......Page 164 Dialogic Model of Conflict Resolution and Interreligious Dialogue......Page 168 Conclusions......Page 169 References......Page 172 8 Understanding the Interplay of Counter-Extremism Trends and Muslim Communities in Europe......Page 177 Constructing a Characterization of National CVE Practices in Europe......Page 181 Findings on the Characterization of National CVE Practices......Page 182 Identity......Page 184 Migration and Minorities......Page 193 Socio-Economics......Page 195 Deradicalization......Page 198 Safeguarding and Political Engagement......Page 201 Conclusions......Page 204 References......Page 205 9 Intersecting Globalization, Islamophobia, Radicalization, and Securitization......Page 210 Exclusion, Politicization, and Radicalization......Page 214 Conflict at the Intersections......Page 219 Concluding Thoughts......Page 223 References......Page 226 10 Muslims in European Prisons: Religious Needs, Management of Diversity, and Policies for Preventing Radicalization in Italian Penitentiaries......Page 230 Religious Plurality and Prison: Background and Open Questions......Page 232 Religious Needs and Muslims in Prison......Page 235 Radicalization and Jihadist Proselytism: The Current Situation......Page 240 Strategies for Preventing Radicalization and the Role of Local Communities......Page 243 Conclusion......Page 247 References......Page 249 11 The Role of Mass Media and Social Media in Islamist Violent Extremism......Page 252 Context, Methodology, and General Results......Page 254 Young Muslim Extremists in Morocco and Quebec......Page 256 Ideological Sources of Islamic Extremism......Page 257 Salafism, Between Quietism and Political Violence......Page 260 Findings in Quebec......Page 261 Media Strategy of the Jihadist Movement......Page 263 Multiple Factors......Page 266 Conclusion: Extremism Fueled by Theories of Persecution or Conspiracy......Page 270 References......Page 272 Media and the “Creation of the Other”......Page 275 Muslims, Media and Islamophobia......Page 279 First and Second Generations Between National and Local Dimension......Page 281 We Versus They, but Who Are They?......Page 284 A New Selection Ritual......Page 287 References......Page 289 13 Human Security Approach to Emergency Rule in Turkey......Page 293 Rising Community Insecurities Under Emergency Rule......Page 295 Contextual Background......Page 297 Central State Conflict with the Kurds......Page 299 Women’s Shared Conditions of Public Insecurity......Page 300 Civilian Encounters with the Militarized Police......Page 302 Intensified Police Profiling......Page 306 Conclusion......Page 308 References......Page 310 Conclusion......Page 314 References......Page 318