Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture (Emerging Materials and Technologies)

Description

Black phosphorus (BP)-based two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are used as components in practical industrial applications in biomedicine, electronics, and photonics. There is a need to controllably shape engineered scalable structures of 2D BP building blocks, and their assembly/organization is desired for the formation of three-dimensional (3D) forms such as macro and hybrid architectures, as it is expected that these architectures will deliver even better materials performance in applications. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture provides an overview of the various synthetic strategies for 2D BP single layer nanomaterials, their scalable synthesis, properties, and assemblies into 3D architecture. Covers defect engineering and physical properties of black phosphorous Describes different strategies for the development of 2D nanostructures of BP with other species such as polymers, organic molecules, and other inorganic materials Offers a comparative study of 3D BP structures with other 3D architectures such as dichalcogenides (TMDs, graphene, and boron nitride) Discusses in detail applications of 3D macrostructures of BP in various fields such as energy, biomedical, and catalysis This is an essential reference for researchers and advanced students in materials science and chemical, optoelectronic, and electrical engineering. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Authors’ Biographies 1 General Overview of 2D Black Phosphorus 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Overview of Chapters 1.3 Summary 1.4 Acknowledgments References 2 Chemistry of Phosphorus 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Allotropes of Phosphorus 2.2.1 White Phosphorus 2.2.1.1 Toxicity 2.2.2 Red Phosphorus 2.2.3 Black Phosphorus 2.3 Stability Study of Various Allotropes of Phosphorus 2.4 Summary 2.5 Acknowledgments References 3 2D Form of Black Phosphorus 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Synthetic Strategies/Morphological Engineering and Characterizations of Black Phosphorus 3.2.1 Non-Epitaxial Growth 3.2.1.1 Mechanical Cleavage Approach 3.2.1.2 Liquid Phase Exfoliation 3.2.1.3 Electrochemical Exfoliation 3.2.1.4 Laser Irradiation 3.2.1.5 Thermal Annealing 3.2.1.6 Scalable Synthesis of 2D Black Phosphorus 3.2.2 Epitaxial Growth 3.2.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition 3.2.2.2 Pulsed Laser Deposition 3.2.2.3 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 3.3 Stability Property and Defect Engineering of Black Phosphorus 3.4 Properties and Application of 2D BP 3.4.1 Bandgap 3.4.2 On–Off Ratio/Mobility 3.4.3 In-Plane Anisotropy 3.4.4 Thermal Properties of Back Phosphorus 3.4.5 Mechanical Properties of Black Phosphorus 3.4.6 The Optical Property of Black Phosphorus 3.4.6.1 Linear Optical Properties 3.4.6.2 Nonlinear Optical Properties 3.4.7 Electrical Properties of Black Phosphorus 3.4.8 Biodegradable Property of Black Phosphorus 3.5 Summary 3.6 Acknowledgments References 4 Composites and Heterostructures of Black Phosphorus 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Composites of Black Phosphorus With Polymers 4.3 Heterostructures of Black Phosphorus With Graphene 4.4 Heterostructures of Black Phosphorus With Transition Metal Dichalcogenides 4.4.1 Heterostructures of Black Phosphorus With MOS2 4.4.2 Heterostructures of Black Phosphorus With WS2 4.4.3 Heterostructures of Black Phosphorus With WSe2 4.5 Summary 4.6 Acknowledgments References 5 3D Structures Based On 2D BP 5.1 Why 3D Structures of BP Are Important 5.2 Morphological Engineering of 3D Architecture of BP 5.2.1 Honeycomb-Lantern-Inspired 3D Structures of 2D Black Phosphorus 5.2.2 3D-Printed Scaffolds From 2D Black Phosphorus 5.2.3 Black Phosphorus Sponges By the Modified Electrochemical Approach 5.2.4 Graphene Oxide/Black Phosphorus 3D Nanoflakes Aerogel 5.2.5 Cellulose/BP Nanosheets (BPNSs)-Based Hydrogel Possesses 3D Networks 5.2.6 Palladium Nanoparticles and Black Phosphorus Hybrids 3D Structure 5.3 Comparison of 3D Structures of BP With Other 3D Structures of 2D Layered Materials 5.3.1 3D Structures of Graphene 5.3.1.1 3D Graphene Network From GO-Derived Structures 5.3.2 3D Structures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides 5.3.2.1 MoS2 5.3.2.2 WS2 5.3.3 3D Structures of Boron Nitride 5.3.4 Comparison of 3D Structures of BP With Other 3D Structures of 2D Layered Materials 5.4 Summary 5.5 Acknowledgments References 6 Emerging Applications of 3D Structures of BP 6.1 Introduction 6.2 3D Architecture of BP in Optoelectronics 6.2.1 Photo-Detectors 6.2.2 Biomedical-Based Applications 6.2.2.1 Photothermal Performance 6.2.2.2 Tissue Engineering 6.2.3 Energy Storage Devices 6.2.3.1 Li-Ion Batteries 6.2.4 Supercapacitors 6.2.5 Catalysis 6.2.5.1 Electrocatalysis 6.2.5.2 Photocatalysis 6.3 Conclusion 6.4 Acknowledgments References 7 Brief Summary and Future Directions 7.1 Brief Summary 7.2 Future Directions 7.3 Conclusions 7.4 Acknowledgments References Index