Oxford Desk Reference: Nephrology

Description

In this era of evidence-based medicine, one of the biggest challenges confronting clinicians is keeping abreast with often rapidly changing recommendations that guide clinical practice. This new edition of The Oxford Desk Reference in Nephrology is designed to overcome this problem. The editors have produced a comprehensive summary of nephrology which focuses on aspects of renal disease that are important to the clinician and have brought together the key recommendations found in current evidence-based guidelines and presented them in a uniform and accessible format. It has been designed and written so that locating information is both quick and simple, and the layout of the chapters allows the reader to identify and assimilate information rapidly. Fully updated, with new chapters covering developments in nephrological practice, in particular a section on Covid 19 and the kidneys, this Desk Reference is an important addition to the armamentarium for nephrology trainees, and consultants as well as trainees in general medicine. cover Series Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology Copyright Brief contents Detailed contents Contributors Abbreviations  General considerations in patients with renal disease . History and clinical examination of patients with kidney disease .2 Urinalysis and microscopy .3 Clinical assessment of renal function .4 Immunological investigation of renal disease .5 Imaging in renal disease .6 Kidney biopsy .7 Prescribing in patients with kidney disease 2 Hypertension 2. Clinical approach to hypertension 2.2 Renovascular disease 2.3 Malignant hypertension 3 Fluid and electrolyte disorders 3. Hypo-​/​hypernatraemia: disorders of water balance 3.2 Hypo-​/​hyperkalaemia 3.3 Hypo-​/​hypercalcaemia 3.4 Hypo-​/​hyperphosphataemia 3.5 Hypo-​/​hypermagnesaemia 3.6 Clinical acid–​base disorders 3.7 Clinical use of diuretics 4 Glomerular disease 4. Epidemiology of glomerular diseases around the world 4.2 Clinical presentation of glomerular disease 4.3 Minimal change disease 4.4 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4.5 Membranous nephropathy 4.6 Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and IgA vasculitis 4.7 Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 4.8 Acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis/​poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 5 Tubular and interstitial disease 5. Epidemiology of tubular and interstitial disease around the world 5.2 Clinical presentation of tubular and interstitial disease 5.3 Isolated defects of tubular function 5.4 Fanconi syndrome 5.5 Renal tubular acidosis 5.6 Hypokalaemic tubular disorders 5.7 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 5.8 Allergic interstitial nephritis 5.9 Analgesic nephropathy 5.0 Uric acid and kidney 5. Nephrotoxic metals 5.2 Balkan nephropathy 5.3 Aristolochic acid nephropathy and other rare causes of chronic interstitial nephritis 6 The kidney in systemic disease 6. Oncology drugs and the kidney 6.2 Electrolyte abnormalities and the cancer patient 6.3 Tumour lysis syndrome 6.4 AKI and membranous nephropathy in malignancy 6.5 Drug-​induced renal disease 6.6 Amyloid and immunotactoid glomerulopathy 6.7 Plasma cell dyscrasias 6.8 Cryoglobulinaemia 6.9 Sarcoidosis 6.0 Haemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 6. Anti-​glomerular basement antibody (Goodpasture’s) disease 6.2 Systemic vasculitis 6.3 Systemic lupus erythematosus 6.4 Scleroderma/​systemic sclerosis 6.5 Rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue diseases, and Sjögren’s syndrome 6.6 Sickle cell nephropathy 6.7 Hepatorenal syndrome 6.8 Cardiorenal syndrome 6.9 Pigment-​induced renal disease 7 Diabetes and the kidney 7. Epidemiology and pathology of kidney disease in diabetes 7.2 Clinical features of kidney disease in diabetes 7.3 Treatment approaches in diabetic kidney disease 7.4 Nephrology care for the patient with diabetic kidney disease 8 Infection and the kidney 8. Epidemiology of infections and the kidney 8.2 Sepsis and the kidney 8.3 Blood-​borne viruses and the kidney 8.4 Lower and upper urinary tract infection in adults 8.5 Renal tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections 8.6 Schistosomiasis 8.7 Fungal infections and the kidney 8.8 COVID-​9 and the kidneys 9 Inherited renal disease 9. Clinical approach to inherited renal disease 9.2 Polycystic kidney disease in children 9.3 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 9.4 Tuberous sclerosis 9.5 von Hippel–​Lindau disease 9.6 Nephronophthisis 9.7 Thin membrane nephropathy 9.8 Alport syndrome 9.9 Nail–​patella syndrome 9.0 Congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome 9. Fabry disease 9.2 Other metabolic storage disorders with renal involvement 9.3 Cystinosis 9.4 Primary hyperoxalurias 9.5 Inherited disorders of purine metabolism and transport 9.6 Rare syndromes with renal involvement 0 Pregnancy and the kidney 0. Pre-​conception management of the patient with renal disease 0.2 Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy 0.3 Urinary tract infections in pregnancy 0.4 Acute kidney injury in pregnancy 0.5 Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy 0.6 Renal transplantation and pregnancy  The child with kidney disease . Renal function in the newborn infant .2 Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract .3 Renal dysplasia .4 Medullary sponge kidney .5 Vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy .6 Childhood hypertension .7 Urinary tract infection in children .8 Renal stone disease in children .9 Acute kidney injury in infants and children .0 Chronic kidney disease in children . Renal replacement therapy in childhood .2 The transition from childhood to adult 2 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 2. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury around the world 2.2 Clinical approach to acute kidney injury 2.3 Acute kidney injury in tropical countries 2.4 Acute kidney injury in the elderly 2.5 Renal replacement therapies in acute kidney injury 2.6 Dialysis and haemoperfusion treatment of acute poisoning 2.7 Long-​term outcomes following AKI 3 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease around the world 3.2 Clinical approach to chronic kidney disease 3.3 Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.4 Sexual disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.5 Hypertension in chronic kidney disease 3.6 Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease 3.7 Gastrointestinal disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.8 Liver disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.9 Haematological disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.0 Skeletal disorders in chronic kidney disease 3. β2-​Microglobulin amyloidosis in chronic kidney disease 3.2 Immune function in chronic kidney disease 3.3 Coagulation disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.4 Dermatologic disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.5 Neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic kidney disease 3.6 Chronic kidney disease in the elderly 4 Management of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) 4. Dialysis strategies 4.2 Preparation for renal replacement therapy (RRT) 4.3 Vascular access 4.4 Haemodialysis, haemofiltration, and haemodiafiltration 4.5 Haemodialysis at home 4.6 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) 4.7 Adequacy of dialysis 4.8 Medical management of the dialysis patient 4.9 Dietary management in kidney failure 4.0 Psychological aspects of treatment for renal failure 4. Conservative management of advanced chronic kidney disease and end-​of-​life care 5 Renal transplantation 5. Selection and preparation of the recipient 5.2 Assessment of live renal donors 5.3 Transplant surgery and surgical complications 5.4 Kidney pancreas transplantation 5.5 Early management of transplant recipients 5.6 Immunosuppression for renal transplantation 5.7 Management of acute allograft dysfunction 5.8 Management of chronic allograft dysfunction 5.9 Recurrent and de novo disease post renal transplantation 5.0 Long-​term medical complications of renal transplantation 5. Outcome of renal transplantation 6 Urological aspects of renal disease 6. Renal stone disease 6.2 Obstruction to the urinary tract 6.3 Tumours of the kidney 6.4 Wilms’ tumour 6.5 Tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter 6.6 Tumours of the bladder 6.7 Tumours of the prostate Appendices Anatomy of the kidney and nephron Biochemistry conversion table Calculations for acid–​base balance and extracellular fluid volume Calculations of the glomerular filtration rate Relationship of glomerular filtration rate with age and gender Calculations of dialysis adequacy Current CKD nomenclature used by KDIGO Internet resources Professional societies Clinical practice guidelines and renal registries Kidney patient organizations and advocacy groups Index