Digital Logic Design - Devices and circuits - by Gamal El-Sheikh (9ed)

Description

Cairo 2023 Praise and Thanks be to ALLAH To my wife and our daughters and sons G.A. El-Sheikh The Evolution of Electronic Digital Devices can be described by the following stages; The hierarchy that clarifies the Basic Digital System Concepts including Embedded Systems Technologies is shown in (Fig. 1.1), where; The process of Digital System Design is shown in (Fig. 1.2); 1.2 Digital Systems Logic Conventions Basic Characteristics Levels of Integrated Circuits Types of VLSI Chips Digital Systems Digital System Design Levels Building binary digital solutions to computational problems; Embedded Digital System A Wireless Microsensor System; Temporal Representations of Electronic Signals; Fig. 1.14: Real Analog Signal - Bat Sonar Digital Computer (Fig. 1.16); Digital Computer Basic Operation; 2.1.2 Computers and Numbers Example-2.6.6 Solution Example-2.6.7 Solution (1) 9’s and 10’s Complement Forming the 9’s complement Signed Magnitude Operations with Negative Numbers Example-2.7.20 Example-2.7.21 Octal Subtraction Example-2.7.22 Example-2.7.23 Example-2.7.24 Example-2.7.25 Example-2.7.26 Floating Point Representation of Real Numbers Advantages of Binary Codes Classifications of Binary Codes Weighted Codes Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) code Advantages of BCD Codes Disadvantages of BCD Codes Basics BCD in Electronics Packed BCD BCD Subtraction Comparison with pure binary Advantages Disadvantages Application of Gray Code Binary to Gray Code Conversion Gray Code to Binary Conversion Addition of two numbers in Excess-3 Code Decoding Example-2.9.6 Zoned Decimal EBCDIC zoned decimal conversion table Background Error Codes Error-Detecting codes Error-Correcting codes Detect and Correct Errors Parity Checking of Error Detection Use of Parity Bit Error Detection Fiber Optic Transceiver 2.10.1 Binary Numbers in Electronics 2.10.2 Binary Bits of Zeros and Ones 2.10.3 Analogue Voltage Output 2.10.4 Digital Voltage Output 2.10.5 Digital Logic Levels Digital Value Representation TTL Input & Output Voltage Levels Fig. 2.10.4: Digital Voltage Output Representation Fig. 2.10.3: Analogue Voltage Output Representation 3- Logic Gates 3.1 Binary Logic 3.2 Logic Operations 3.2.1 Inversion (NOT) Operation 3.2.2 OR Operation 3.2.3 AND Operation 3.2.4 Combined OR-AND Operations 3.2.5 Truth Table 3.2.6 Symbols 3.2.7 Types of Logic Gates The NAND and NOR gates are called universal functions since with either one the AND and OR functions and NOT (basic logic functions) can be generated. A function in sum of products (SOP) form can be implemented using NAND gates by replacing all AND an... 3.4.1 NAND gate (NAND = Not AND) 3.4.2 NOR gate (NOR = Not OR) 3.6 Combinations of Logic Gates 3.6.2 NAND gate Equivalents The basic logic gates (NOT, AND, OR and NOR) can be realized using NAND gates as shown in the following table: B B (1) F B (2) F (1) B (3) 3.7 Electronics Implementation within Digital Logic Gates 3.7.1 Classification of Integrated Circuits 3.7.2 TTL and CMOS Logic Levels Logic Levels Ideal TTL Digital Logic Gate Voltage Levels; 3.7.3 DRL and DTL Logic Gates 3.7.4 TTL Logic Gates TTL NOR and OR gates; In order to turn this NOR-gate circuit into an OR-gate, we would have to invert the output logic level with another transistor stage, just like we did with the NAND-to-AND gate example. Of course, totem-pole output stages are also possible in both NOR... 3.7.5 Emitter-Coupled Digital Logic Gates 3.7.6 CMOS Gate Circuitry 3.7.7 Inverter Logic Gate 3.7.8 Static Logic Design of NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR Gates A static CMOS gate is a combination of two networks, called the pull-up network (PUN) and the pull-down network (PDN). The function of the PUN is to provide a connection between the output and VDD anytime the output of the logic gate is meant to be 1 ... Fig. 3.7.12: The circuit diagram for 2-input NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates in CMOS static logic 3.8 Digital Logic Gates Implementation within VHDL B (4) 4.6.1 K-mapping and Minimization Steps Solution Solution (1) Solution (2) A B C D A (1) B (1) C (1) D (1) A (2) B (2) C (2) D (2) A (3) B (3) B (4) C (3) 5- Data Processing and Arithmetic Circuits The design of logic circuits can be started with verbal description into truth tables from which the pertinent logic expressions are obtained. These logic expressions can be realized using any of the logic gates after minimization as shown in Fig. 5.0. 5.1 Comparison 5.2 Addition 5.2.3 Full Adder (FA) Full adder using NAND or NOR logic Full adder is a logic circuit that adds two input operand bits plus a Carry in bit and outputs a Carry out bit and a sum bit. The Sum out (Sout) of a full adder is the XOR of input operand bits A, B and the Carry in (Cin) bit. Truth table and schema... 5.2.5 Ripple Carry Adder 5.2.6 Carry Look Ahead Adder 5.3 Negative Numbers and Binary Subtraction B 6- Combinational Circuits 6.1 Decoders 7-Segment Display Experiment Pin connections 6.2 Encoders Magnetic Encoder Mechanical Encoder Optical Encoder War- Field -Flying Robot with a Night Vision Flying Camera Robotic Vehicle with Metal Detector RF based Home Automation System Automatic Wireless Health Monitoring System Secret Code Enabled Secure Communication 6.3 Multiplexers 6.3.1 Two-Input Multiplexer 6.3.2 Four-Input Multiplexer 6.3.3 Combined Multiplexers References Appendices: Appendix-A: Digital Principles of System Design Understanding Appendix-B: Circuits' and Devices' Symbols Appendix-C: Electronic Devices and Circuits: Significant Equations Appendix-D: Laboratory Experiments and Assignments Lab-04: Inverters E.1 Integrated Circuits Functioning Notes E.2 Integrated Circuits Pin Configuration F.1 Integrated Circuits Functioning The following is a list of CMOS 4000 series digital logic integrated circuits that represent Logic Gates. The 4000-series CMOS logic circuits include several integrated circuits (ICs) that provide several electronic logic gates in a single package. Ea... F.2 Integrated Circuits Pin Configuration