Western Loanwords in Modern Pashto

Description

Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 81, No.1 (Jan. - Mar., 1961), pp. 43-52.This study will deal with the loanwords from English, French, and German found in the modern literary language and in the educated speech of Afghanistan. it is based in the main on the investigation of the usage of the Kabul dailies Hewad and, particularly, Islah from June, 1958, to May, 1959, as well as on work with educated speakers of Pashto.Очерк заимствований из английского, французского и немецкого в пушту (по состоянию на середину 20 века). Исследуются сферы заимствований, а также их качество.The corpus of western loanwords. Geographical terms. Measures, Months. Clothing, Objects, Food. Administrative and Political Terms. Scientific and Technical Vocabulary. Motor Transport and Maintenance Terms. Educational and Medical Terms. Cultural, Social, Sport Terms. The rendering of foreign phonemes in pasho. Pashto Short Vowels. Pashto Long Vowels and Diphthongs. Pashto Consonants. Phonemic Substitution in Pashto. Morphemic features of loanwords. Parts of Speech among Loanwords. Gender. Case and Plural Endings. Word-formation. Morphemic variation among loanwords. Causes and Types of Morphemic Variation. The Differing Foreign Models. Dialectal variation and loanwords. The influence of Afghan Persian. Adaptation and readaptation of loanwords. The characteristics of loanwords (summary). Foreign bases of loanwords. Phonemic and morphemic features of loanwords. Variation among loanwords.