Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics: Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 4

Description

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2021. The contents focus on Geotechnics for Infrastructure Development and Innovative Applications. This book covers topics related application of natural and artificial geosynthetics in shallow foundation bearing capacity enhancement, highway & railway pavements, high speed rail and geo-environmental applications. Topics also covered related to simulation of geosynthetic encased stone column, application of geosynthetic for ground improvement, pore size distribution of compacted expansive soils, MICP, landfills, among others. This book is of interest to those in academia and industry.  Preface Contents About the Editors 1 Study of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation on Bamboo Geotextile-Reinforced Clayey Bed Introduction Background Material Used Soil Used for the Experiment Bamboo Used in the Experiment Bitumen Used on the Bamboo Mats Laboratory Model Tests Experimental Setup Preparation of Foundation Bed Placed Bamboo Mats Under the Soil for Weathering Test Procedure Flowchart of Tests Results and Discussion Interpretation of Test Outcomes in Graphical Form Conclusions Scope of Future Work References 2 Strip Footing on Reinforced Granular Bed Using Geogrid and Bearing Reinforcement Introduction Problem Definition Numerical Modelling Results and Discussion Soft Clay Condition Stiff Clay Condition Conclusion Reference 3 Geosynthetics—Past Findings, Present Trends, and Future Prospects in Road Pavements Introduction Global Scenario Experimental Investigations on Different Types of Geosynthetics Conclusions References 4 Modeling and Analysis of Back-To-Back Walls with Combined Wrap-Around and Full-Height Rigid Facing for High-Speed Rail Applications Introduction GRS Retaining Wall Application in MAHSR Project Validation of the Model Segmental Panel Facing Model Validation Back-To-Back MSE Wall Behavior Considering Two Facing Types Geometry of the Models Reinforcement Modeling Backfill Properties Interface Properties Modeling of Back-To-Back Wrap-Around Walls with FHR Facing Results and Discussions Behavior of Back-To-Back Walls with Segmental Panel Facing Comparison of Displacements Between Segmental Panel and Wrap-Around Wall with FHR Facing Conclusions References 5 Influence of Conductive Jute Geotextile-Encased Stone Column in Soft Clay Introduction Material and Methodology Results and Discussion Effect on Discharge Variation of Settlement Reduction in Water Content PH Alteration Conclusion References 6 Simulation of Geosynthetic Encased Stone Column Under Embankment Loading in Soft Clay Introduction Geometry and Model Description Staged Construction Results and Discussion Influence of Encasement Length Influence of Diameter Influence of Internal Friction Angle Influence of Cohesive Strength of Soft Clay Conclusions References 7 Improvement of Railway Embankment Formation by Laying Geogrid Beneath Ballast Bed—A Case Study Introduction Weak Formation Problem Properties of Embankment Soil Rehabilitation of Weak Formation by Laying Geogrid at Formation Level Using Ballast Cleaning Machine (BCM) Properties of Geogrid Used for Rehabilitation of Formation Locations of Laying of Geogrid Method of Laying and Traffic Block Requirement Impact of Laying Geogrid—Performance Evaluation Performance Improvement in Terms of Unevenness Index (UI) Performance Based on Number of Vertical and Lateral Acceleration Peaks Exceeding 0.15 g Performance Improvement Based on Spot Manual Attention Given to Track Performance Improvement Based on Number of Machine Tamping Performance Improvement in Terms of Ride Index (RI) Cost of Laying and Reduction in Cost of Maintenance Summary and Conclusion References 8 Review on the Application of Geosynthetic for Ground Improvement Introduction Various Types of Geosynthetics Various Functions of Geosynthetics Previous Studies on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Conclusion References 9 Coconut Tree Roots as Natural Geosynthetics Introduction Introduction Traditional Goan Saraswat Bunds Comparison of Coconut Root with Other Geosynthetics Geosynthetics Action of Coconut Root Geosynthetics Action of Coconut Root RE Wall Action Micropile Action Soil Anchor Action Root Pile Action Biostabilization-Soil Shear Property (C-ϕ) Improvement Action Soil Nailing Action Properties of Coconut Roots as Geosynthetics Factor of Safety for Soil Nailing Action Conclusions References 10 Experimental and Numerical Study on California Bearing Ratio for Two-Layer Soil Systems Introduction Experimental Study Sample Preparation for CBR Test Numerical Modeling Results and Discussion Results of Laboratory CBR Test Results of Numerical Analysis Comparison of CBR Values Between Experimental and Numerical Results Parametric Study Conclusion References 11 Strength and Durability Characteristics of Cement-Treated Soil for Its Application in Sub-Base and Base Course of Flexible Pavements Introduction Literature Review Materials and Methods Soil Cement Methodology Strength and Durability Criteria for the Application of Cement-Treated Soil in the Sub-Base Course and a Base Course of Flexible Pavements as Per IRC 37: 2018 Results and Discussions Modified Proctor Compaction Test Unconfined Compressive Strength Test Wetting and Drying Test Freezing and Thawing Test Recommendations Conclusions References 12 Evaluation of Pond Ash Mixed with Coir as a Pavement Material Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions References 13 Effect of Soil Properties on the Rutting Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Numerical Study Introduction Numerical Modeling Preparation of Model Geometry Selection of Element Type, Mesh, and Boundary Parametric Study Validation of the Model Result and Discussion Rutting Performance of Surface Layer of Flexible Pavement Effect of Subgrade Modulus on Surface Rutting Effect of Subgrade Thickness on Surface Rutting Vertical Strain Developed at the Top of the Subgrade and Measurement of Subgrade Rutting Conclusion References 14 Feasibility of Utilizing MSW Incinerated Bottom Ash for Subgrade and Sub-Base Applications in Flexible Pavements Introduction Material Collection and Methodology Material Collection Methodology Result and Discussion Grain Size Distribution and Plasticity Specific Gravity and Water Absorption Compaction Characteristics and Denseness CBR Value LA Abrasion Value and Impact Value Conclusion References 15 Influence of Existing Ganga Sand on Subgrade Characteristics of Rural Road in South Bengal Districts Introduction Brief Review of Literature Collection of Data on Different Soil Properties Methodology for Analysis of Data Result and Discussions Variations of Atterberg’s Limits with Percentage of Sand Variation of Compaction Characteristics with Percentage of Sand Variation of CBR (Soaked) with Percentage of Sand Correlation Comparison of Results with Those of Previous Researchers Conclusions References 16 Relationship Between Index Properties and CBR of Soil and Prediction of CBR Introduction Methodology Data Analysis Data Preprocessing Training and Testing Datasets Results and Discussions Simple Regression Analysis (SRA) Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) Support Vector Regression (SVR) Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) Random Forest (RF) Decision Tree (DT) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Comparison with Literature Survey Conclusions References 17 Numerical Evaluation of Performance of the Geosynthetic-Reinforced Walls with Poorly Graded Reinforced Fill Introduction Numerical Model Development Material Properties Reinforcement Properties Backfill and Foundation Soil Properties Results and Discussions Validation of the FE Model Effect of Cohesion and Angle of Internal Friction Effect of Geogrid Strength on the Fascia Movement Effect of GRS Wall Height Effect of Soil Marginality on the Connection Load Conclusions References 18 Life Cycle Assessment for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Indian Cities Introduction Methodology LCA Study on Indian Cities Conclusions References 19 A Review on Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils by Phytoremediation Introduction Materials and Methods Metal Translocation and Accumulation Results and Discussion Conclusion References 20 Investigation of Soil Characteristics in and Around the Open Dump Site Near Sathyamangalam Town in Erode District Introduction Study Area Details Materials and Methods Soil Sample Collection Analytical Methods Results Discussion Conclusions References 21 Experimental and Numerical Studies on Usage of Soil–Bentonite Mixture as Clay Liner in Engineered Landfill Introduction Materials Used Soil Bentonite Landfill Leachate Methodology Preparation of the Synthetic Leachate Batch Adsorption Test Numerical Modeling Column Test Results and Discussion Determination of Optimum Bentonite Content Numerical Modeling Column Test Conclusions References 22 Correlation of Rheological Properties with Slump and Undrained Shear Strength of Bauxite Residue Introduction Materials and Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References 23 Utilization of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue) in Environmental and Geotechnical Engineering Applications—An Overview Introduction Utilization of Red Mud in Environmental Engineering Applications Red Mud as an Adsorbent Red Mud as a Catalyst Red Mud as a Coagulant Use of Red Mud in Geotechnical Engineering Applications Red Mud as an Amendment Red Mud as an Ameliorant Red Mud as a Filler Red Mud as Geomaterial Conclusions References 24 Assessment of Using Soil-Sized Material from Construction and Demolition Waste as an Earthfill Introduction Materials and Testing Method Material Testing Methods Results and Discussion Grain Size Distribution (GSD) Specific Gravity and Plasticity Compaction Permeability Shear Strength Conclusion References 25 A Study on Pore Size Distribution of Compacted Expansive Soils Introduction Materials and Method Soils Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References 26 Stabilized Soil as a Sustainable Construction Material Using the Rammed Earth Technique Introduction Materials and Methodology Materials Used Sample Preparations and Test Procedure Discussion on Test Results Unconfined Compressive Strength Properties of Stabilized Soil Tensile Strength Properties of Stabilized Soils Durability Conclusions References 27 Assessment of Adsorptive Removal of Naphthalene Through Constructed Wetland Using Physical and Numerical Modeling Introduction Materials and Methods Materials Physicochemical Properties pHzpc Test Batch Adsorption Test and Response Surface Methodology Vertical Column Test Constructed Wetland Isotherm and Kinetic Studies HYDRUS Modeling Results and Discussions Characteristics of Soil pHzpc Test Response Surface Methodology Isotherm and Kinetic Modeling HYDRUS Modeling of Column and Wetland Conclusions References 28 Study of Soil Erosion Process in Laboratory Flume Experiments Introduction Materials and Methodology Materials Experimental Setup and Soil Box Preparation Rainfall Simulator Test Procedure Image Analysis Results and Discussion Soil Erosion Process Soil Loss Rate Comparison Between Particle Size Distribution of Sediment and Original Sieved Soil Conclusion References 29 Impact of Biochar Fraction on Thermal Characteristics of Soil-Biochar Composite Introduction Materials and Methodology Soil and Biochar Thermal Characteristics Measurement Results and Discussion Thermal Characteristics of Biochar Thermal Characteristics of Control Soil and SBC Conclusion References 30 Experimental Study on Volumetric Shrinkage Behavior of Indian Clays Introduction Materials and Methodology Materials Results and Discussion Conclusions References 31 Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Geothermal Energy Pile in Indian Sand Introduction Methodology and Numerical Analysis Results and Discussion Validation of FE Model Under Thermo-Mechanical Loading Vertical Displacement of Pile Volumetric Strain of Pile Conclusions References 32 A Review on Use of Biochar for Remediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils Introduction Effect of Biochar on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Effect of Biochar Modification on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Conclusion References 33 Influence of Slope Geometry on Stability of Bioreactor Landfills—A Numerical Analysis Introduction Material Model and Validation of Model Material Model Mesh Generation and Boundary Conditions Analysis and Model Validation Model Geometry Material Properties Analysis Cases Result and Discussion Effect of Varying Slope Angles and Constant Step Width on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability Effect of Varying Width of Step and Constant Slope Angle on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability Effect of Constant Step Width and Non-uniform Slope Angles on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability Influences of Change in Slope Angles and Shear Strength Parameters on the Bioreactor Landfill Stability Conclusion References 34 Interfacial Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Properties of Lead Contaminated Soil Introduction Experimental Program Results and Analysis Specific Gravity Test Liquid Limit Test Compaction Characteristics Stress–Strain Characteristics PH of Soil X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Conclusion References 35 Impact of Aquaculture Solid Waste on Environment in the Delta Region of Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study Introduction Aquaculture Solid Waste Management at Global Scenario Aquaculture Practice in the Delta Region of Andhra Pradesh Aquaculture Sludge Leachate Characteristics Effect of Aquaculture Waste Sludge on Clay Mineralogy Conclusions References 36 Performance of Permeable Reactive Barrier by Using Rubber Particles Introduction Reactive Materials for PRBs Leachate Sample Preparation of Reactive Medium Result and Discussion Comparison Study Conclusion References 37 Influence of Freezing–Thawing Cycles on Biotreated Sand Using MICP Introduction Materials and Methods Soil Properties and Bacterial Solution Biotreatment and Test Procedures Results and Discussion Permeability and Calcite Content of Biotreated Sand Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Conclusion References